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Surgical preparation. In 7 dogs, a gastric cannula was placed 10 cm proximal to the pylorus for assessment of gastric tone; in 7 other dogs, a duodenal cannula was placed 20 cm distal to the pylorus for assessment of antral contractions, pyloric tone, and gastric emptying. Each dog was implanted with 1 pair of electrodes on the small intestine 30 cm distal to the pylorus. IES, intestinal electrical stimulation.
