Table 2.
N-total: 723 | n | (%) |
Crude WLZ < -2 OR |
95% CI |
Crude LAZ < -2 OR |
95% CI |
Inherent factors | ||||||
Gender of infant | ||||||
Girl | 345 | 47.7 | 1.26 | 0.69–2.31 | 0.73 | 0.48–1.11 |
Age constant (0–11 cont) | 723 | 0.98 | 0.86–1.11 | 1.13 | 1.07–1.20a | |
Underlying factors | ||||||
Mean sub-county wealth | ||||||
Highest | 238 | 32.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mid | 279 | 38.6 | 1.65 | 0.68–3.98 | 0.99 | 0.62–1.60 |
Lowest | 206 | 28.5 | 0.50 | 0.16–1.61 | 1.48 | 0.94–2.34 |
Urban/Rural status | ||||||
Rural status | 398 | 55.1 | 1.67 | 0.66–4.22 | 1.41 | 0.95–2.08 |
Distal factors | ||||||
Houshold wealth | ||||||
Top 20% | 143 | 19.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mid 40% | 291 | 40.2 | 1.76 | 0.54–5.70 | 1.59 | 0.82–3.10 |
Lowest 40% | 189 | 40.0 | 1.51 | 0.48–4.71 | 2.62 | 1.38–4.98b |
Owning land | ||||||
Yes | 557 | 77.0 | 1.06 | 0.40–2.81 | 1.45 | 0.86–2.45 |
Mother's age | ||||||
24 and younger | 373 | 51.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
25 and older | 343 | 47.4 | 0.72 | 0.36–1.43 | 0.82 | 0.57–1.16 |
Marital status | ||||||
Traditional | 581 | 80.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Formal marriage | 77 | 10.7 | 0.87 | 0.25–2.94 | 1.09 | 0.58–2.08 |
Single, separated, divorced, widowed | 65 | 9.0 | 0.33 | 0.04–2.60 | 1.91 | 0.99–3.66 |
Mother has additional job | ||||||
Yes | 131 | 18.3 | 0.50 | 0.14–1.76 | 0.63 | 0.37–1.10 |
Mother's education | ||||||
Full primary and less (≤ 7 years) | 482 | 66.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Lower secondary and more (≥ 8 years) | 228 | 31.5 | 0.90 | 0.42–1.95 | 0.78 | 0.52–1.18 |
Father's education | ||||||
Full primary and less (≤ 7 years) | 351 | 48.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Lower secondary and more (≥ 8 years) | 266 | 36.8 | 1.14 | 0.52–2.47 | 0.70 | 0.43–1.13 |
Intermediate factors | ||||||
Infant has siblings | ||||||
Yes | 549 | 75.9 | 0.99 | 0.41–2.38 | 0.66 | 0.44–1.00 |
Crowdedness; number of people per room | ||||||
≤ 3 | 114 | 15.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
4–5 | 231 | 32.0 | 0.90 | 0.31–2.64 | 0.68 | 0.38–1.23 |
6–7 | 198 | 27.4 | 0.37 | 0.09–1.40 | 0.68 | 0.36–1.26 |
≥ 8 | 180 | 24.9 | 0.95 | 0.35–2.55 | 0.96 | 0.53–1.71 |
Weighing at birth | ||||||
Yes | 334 | 46.2 | 0.87 | 0.45–1.70 | 0.69 | 0.47–1.00 |
Child health card | ||||||
Yes | 501 | 69.3 | 0.58 | 0.25–1.33 | 0.85 | 0.55–1.32 |
Adequately immunised | ||||||
Yes | 233 | 32.2 | 0.63 | 0.25–1.55 | 0.68 | 0.41–1.12 |
Proximal factors | ||||||
Fever last 14 days | ||||||
Yes | 416 | 57.5 | 2.25 | 0.90–6.63 | 1.37 | 0.89–2.12 |
Cough last 14 days | ||||||
Yes | 564 | 78.0 | 1.81 | 0.66–4.97 | 1.76 | 1.04–2.98c |
Diarrhoea last 14 days | ||||||
Yes | 266 | 36.8 | 2.16 | 1.02–6.61c | 1.26 | 0.86–1.88 |
Pre-lacteals | ||||||
Yes | 414 | 57.3 | 1.78 | 0.73–4.37 | 1.26 | 0.84–1.91 |
Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||||
Within 2 hours | 364 | 50.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Within the 1st day | 128 | 17.7 | 1.07 | 0.39–2.92 | 1.06 | 0.56–1.99 |
After the 1st day | 193 | 26.7 | 0.81 | 0.33–2.06 | 1.27 | 0.80–2.03 |
Mixed feeding/Replacement feeding | ||||||
Yes | 608 | 84.1 | 1.73 | 0.53–5.67 | 4.23 | 1.81–9.93a |
a p ≤ 0.001, b p ≤ 0.01, c p ≤ 0.05