TABLE 3.

Incidence Rate, Relative Hazard (RH), and Population Attibutable Fraction (PAF) for Heart Failure Among Risk Groups, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987–2005

Risk Profile based on 4-factor score*	No. of Subjects at Risk	No. of Subjects Developing Heart Failure	Incidence Rate†	Adjusted RH (95% CI)‡	PAF, %
Total sample
All optimal risk factors	665	12	1.1	0.18 (0.10–0.32	0.0
Borderline risk factors only	4,028	177	2.7	0.35 (0.30–0.41)	6.5
Having any elevated risk factors	8,767	1,155	8.6	1.0§	70.6
African Americans
All optimal risk factors	103	4	2.4	0.28 (0.10–0.74)	0.0
Borderline risk factors only	638	33	3.2	0.31 (0.22–0.44)	0.8
Having any elevated risk factors	2,700	444	11.2	1.0§	66.7
Whites
All optimal risk factors	562	8	0.8	0.16 (0.08–0.31)	0.0
Borderline risk factors only	3,390	144	2.6	0.36 (0.30–0.43)	9.5
Having any elevated risk factors	6,067	711	7.6	1.0§	69.6

^*This 4-factor score included blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, diabetes and smoking, as categorized in Table 1.

^†Crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years

^‡RH adjusted for age and sex, plus race for the total sample.

^§The reference group for the RH is those having any elevated risk factor.