Figure 1.

Number of patients required to reach the MTD (lower panel) and total sample size (upper panel) under five methods for each of the eight scenarios. CRM, R-CRM, and E-CRM are using the stopping rule defined in section ‘Methods’ under subsection ‘CRM with stopping rule’ with a maximum sample size bounded at 30 (5 levels) or 48 (8 levels). G-CRM and SM use the stopping rules as listed in section ‘Methods’ under subsection ‘Design and endpoints’. Circles show the median and lines indicate the interquartile range