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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 30.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicology. 2008 Aug 19;254(3):136–146. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.08.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of two pathways that may be taken by leucocytes during transmigration across endothelial layers. The paracellular route involves loosening of endothelial tight junctions (maintained by VE-cadherin) and migration of the leucocyte through the junction by binding to adhesion molecules ( PECAM-1 and JAM-A). In the context of the liver we believe that VAP-1 also plays a significant role in this process. The transcellular route involves interaction with ICAM-1 on the endothelial surface which leads to a channel forming through the endothelial cell by the formation of VVOs (vesiculo-vacuolar organelles). This channel is supported by cytoskeletal proteins such as actin.