Table 3.

Multivariate Linear Regression Models for Serum Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and Other Risk Factors Associated with Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity

Characteristic*		Standardized Beta	Beta	95% CI	SE	P
Serum CML (per 1 S.D.)		0.10	0.16	0.02, 0.30	0.07	0.02
Age (years)1	50-59	0.07	0.31	-0.10, 0.72	0.21	0.14
	60-69	0.24	1.00	0.57, 1.42	0.21	<0.0001
	70-79	0.43	1.85	1.39, 2.31	0.23	<0.0001
	≥80	0.47	2.73	2.19, 3.27	0.27	<0.0001
Male gender		0.009	0.03	-0.29, 0.36	0.17	0.84
Body mass index2 (kg/m2)	<18.5	-0.007	-0.17	-1.82, 1.49	0.85	0.84
	25.0-29.9	0.026	0.10	-0.21, 0.41	0.16	0.55
	≥30	0.055	0.24	-0.17, 0.65	0.21	0.24
Smoking3	Former	0.080	0.29	0.01, 0.56	0.14	0.04
	Current	0.020	0.18	-0.47, 0.83	0.34	0.59
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)		0.15	0.027	0.012, 0.042	0.007	0.0003
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)		0.072	0.009	-0.001, 0.019	0.005	0.09
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)		-0.041	-0.004	-0.012, 0.004	0.004	0.33
On glucose-lowering medications(s)		-0.020	-0.17	-0.85, 0.51	0.34	0.62
On vasoactive medication(s)		0.041	0.15	-0.15, 0.45	0.15	0.33
On lipid-lowering medication(s)		0.026	0.11	-0.22, 0.43	0.17	0.52
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)		0.038	0.30	-0.37, 0.97	0.34	0.38

¹Reference category is <50 years.

²Reference category is body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m².

³Reference category is never smoking.