Table 3.

Relative rate tests for comparing the molecular evolutionary rate of 16S rRNA gene among the lineages of the symbionts of acanthosomatid stinkbugs, symbionts of plataspid stinkbugs, endocellular symbionts of aphids, and their free-living relatives.

Lineage 1a	Lineage 2a	Outgroupb	K1c	K2d	Difference of distancee	Rate ratiof	P valueg
Gut symbionts of acanthosomatid stinkbugs	Gut symbionts of plataspid stinkbugs	S-symbiont of psyllid Anomoneura mori	0.068	0.081	-0.013	0.84	0.31
Gut symbionts of acanthosomatid stinkbugs	Buchnera aphidicola of aphids	S-symbiont of psyllid Anomoneura mori	0.065	0.093	-0.028	0.70	0.17
Gut symbionts of plataspid stinkbugs	Buchnera aphidicola of aphids	S-symbiont of psyllid Anomoneura mori	0.094	0.109	-0.015	0.86	0.30
Gut symbionts of acanthosomatid stinkbugs	Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi	Yersinia pestis	0.103	0.033	0.070	3.1	< 0.0001
Gut symbionts of plataspid stinkbugs	Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi	Yersinia pestis	0.163	0.030	0.133	5.4	< 0.0001
Buchnera aphidicola of aphids	Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi	Yersinia pestis	0.187	0.029	0.158	6.4	< 0.0001

^aAcanthosomatid symbionts from E. nubilus (AB368822), E. humeralis (AB368823, AB368824, AB368825), E. brevis (AB368826), L. gramineus (AB368827), E. putoni (AB368828), E. dorsalis (AB368829), E. signoreti (AB368830), S. esakii (AB368831, AB368832), S. scutellata (AB368833), A. haemorrhoidale (AB368834, AB368835), A. labiduroides (AB368836), A. forficula (AB368837), A. denticaudum (AB368838), A. giganteum (AB368839). Plataspid symbionts from Megacopta punctatissima (AB067723), Brachyplatys subaeneus (AB244767), and Coptosoma sphaerula (AB240162). Aphid symbionts from Geoica urticularia (AJ296751), Yamatocallis tokyoensis (AB064507) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (M27039). E. coli (J01695) and Salmonella typhi (U00545).

^bS-symbiont of psyllid A. mori (AF013087); Y. pestis (AE013602).

^cEstimated mean distance between lineage 1 and the last common ancestor of lineages 1 and 2.

^dEstimated mean distance between lineage 2 and the last common ancestor of lineages 1 and 2.

^eK1–K2.

^fK1/K2.

^gP value based on the null distribution of distance values generated by 10,000 bootstrap resamplings of the aligned nucleotide sites.