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Effects of TGF-β1 on infarct volume at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after ischemia. Intranasal TGF-β1 treatment group (n = 4) has reduced infarct volume (B) compared to the control group (A) (n = 6) at 7 days after MCAO. Measurement of infarct size revealed that intranasal administration of TGF-β1 significantly reduced infarct volume at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after MCAO compared to the saline-treated groups (C). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. control.
