Table 4.
Clinical Characteristics of EDIC Participants at Baseline in the DCCT According to the Presence or Absence of Cardiovascular Disease over the Course of the DCCT/EDIC Study.*
| Characteristic | No Cardiovascular Disease (N = 1358) |
Cardiovascular Disease (N = 83) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intensive-treatment group (%) | 50 | 37 | 0.02 |
| Male sex (%) | 53 | 48 | 0.39 |
| Retinopathy at baseline (%) | 49 | 63 | 0.014 |
| Age (yr) | 27±7 | 31±6 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) | 6±4 | 7±5 | 0.03 |
| Body-mass index | 23.3±2.8 | 24.0±2.8 | 0.05 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 114±12 | 116±11 | 0.10 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 73±9 | 73±9 | 0.43 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.81±0.15 | 0.78±0.14 | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 175±33 | 194±34 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51±12 | 50±13 | 0.78 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 109±29 | 127±29 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 80.9±47.5 | 87.6±47.2 | 0.039 |
| Albumin excretion rate (mg/24 hr) | 15.7±18.5 | 19.3±22.8 | 0.02 |
| Albumin excretion rate ≥40 mg/24 hr (%) | 5 | 8 | 0.16 |
| Glycoslated hemoglobin value at eligibility (%) | 9.0±1.6 | 9.5±1.8 | 0.014 |
| Current cigarette smoker (%) | 18 | 33 | <0.001 |
| Autonomic nervous system-variation in RR (×1000) | 47.9±22.2 | 43.3±19.0 | 0.17 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 68±11 | 70±12 | 0.07 |
| Myocardial infarction in parents (%) | 15 | 29 | <0.001 |
*
Plus-minus values are means ±SD. LDL denotes low-density lipoprotein, and HDL high-density lipoprotein. To convert values for creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4. To convert values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586. To convert values for triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.1129.