TABLE 4.

Associations between ABCG5/G8 haplotypes and plasma HDL-C levels according to smoking status

	Polymorphism
	G5_Gln604GluC>G	G8_Asp19HisG>C	G8_i14222A>G	G8_Thr400LysC>A	Frequencya	Coefficient βb	P
Smokers
H1	C	G	A	C	0.47	−18.37	0.699
H2	G	G	A	C	0.15	−24.63	0.078
H3	C	G	A	A	0.15	−14.84	0.010
H4	C	G	G	C	0.08	−20.17	0.894
H5	G	G	A	A	0.05	−12.95	0.176
H6	C	C	G	C	0.04	−34.65	0.010
H7	G	G	G	C	0.03	−32.08	0.125
H8	G	C	G	C	0.02	−44.62	0.010
Nonsmokers
H1	C	G	A	C	0.45	−9.16	0.020
H2	C	G	A	A	0.16	−7.13	0.825
H3	G	G	A	C	0.15	−8.45	0.763
H4	C	G	G	C	0.09	−3.92	0.054
H5	G	G	A	A	0.06	−6.21	0.434
H6	C	C	G	C	0.05	−12.53	0.405
H7	G	G	G	C	0.02	−1.56	0.088

G5, ABCG5; G8, ABCG8. P values were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, medications, prior coronary heart disease, and population admixture. These haplotypes showed global association with HDL-C concentrations at P = 0.002 for smokers and P = 0.056 for nonsmokers after permutation correction for multiple tests. Boldface type indicates statistically significant (P < 0.05).

^aHaplotype frequencies were estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm (25).

^bCoefficients and P values were estimated based on haplotype trend regression analysis implemented in the HelixTree program.