Table 1.
Changes in Left-Sided Echocardiographic Measures Induced by the Mueller Maneuver (MM)
| Variable | Baseline (a) | During MM (b) | Post MM (c) | Recovery (d) | p (a–b) | p (b–c) | p (a–d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 61.4 ± 5.5 | 51.7 ± 6.1 | 67.2 ± 6.2 | 61.9 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| Stroke Volume Index (mL/m2) | 41.3 ± 6.1 | 29.5 ± 6.5 | 43.2 ± 6.7 | 39.6 ± 5.5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| Cardiac Index (L/min/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| LV Systolic Dimension (mm) | 29.1 ± 3.2 | 32.7 ± 3.4 | 26.1 ± 3.2 | 29.1 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| LV Diastolic Dimension (mm) | 47.1 ± 3.5 | 47.1 ± 4.2 | 45.8 ± 3.7 | 47.3 ± 3.3 | NS | 0.05 | NS |
| LA Volume Index (mL/m2) | 17.05 ± 3.2 | 12.9 ± 3.4 | 17.9 ± 4.1 | 17.1 ± 2.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| e’ (m/s) | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | NS | 0.02 | NS |
| E wave (m/s) | 0.86 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.85 ± 0.18 | 0.85 ± 0.14 | NS | NS | NS |
| A wave (m/s) | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.1 | 0.60 ± 0.1 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | NS | <0.0001 | NS |
| E/e’ ratio | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | NS | 0.06 | NS |
| E/A ratio | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ±0.4 | NS | 0.002 | NS |
| Mitral Valve Velocity Time Integral (cm) | 16.9 | 14.2 | 18.5 | 17.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS |