Table 2.

Regions of significant activation for the rd and control groups separately and group comparisons

Cluster size	Region included	BA	Side	Coordinates			Z value
				x	y	z
Controls: SC > WR
2242	Lingual gyrus		R	14	−80	−4	5.50
	Cuneus		R	8	−74	6	4.77
	Fusiform gyrus		R	26	−59	−7	4.17
	Cerebellum		R	26	−67	−15	4.22
248	Middle occipital gyrus	19	R	34	−83	19	4.99
274	Inferior frontal gyrus	47	L	−53	25	−6	4.68
115	Superior frontal gyrus		L	−4	15	62	4.02
RDs: SC > WR
730	Superior temporal gyrus	38	L	−54	5	−10	4.63
	Inferior frontal gyrus		L	−53	29	−8	4.21
85	Cerebellum		L	−22	−81	−33	4.51
330	Lingual gyrus		R	24	−82	−3	4.25
89	Superior frontal gyrus		R	6	11	58	4.16
119	Inferior frontal gyrus	47	R	53	31	0	4.05
171	Middle temporal gyrus	21	L	−46	−29	−4	3.92
198	Cuneus		R	6	−75	6	3.79
	Lingual gyrus		R	18	−68	2	3.34
94	Superior temporal gyrus	22	L	−63	−49	21	3.62
Controls: WR > SC
2548	Anterior cingluate		L	−6	19	25	4.68
	Cingulate gyrus		R	6	19	27	4.65
1373	Superior temporal gyrus		L	−48	−18	−2	4.52
	Precentral gyrus	6	L	−46	−9	6	4.49
	Insula		L	−42	2	11	4.30
1045	Inferior parietal lobe		R	46	−32	29	4.45
446	Cerebellum		L	−14	−61	−19	4.44
177	Pons		R	14	−24	−22	4.43
587	Subgyral temporal		R	40	−9	−15	4.08
	Insula		R	40	−8	−5	3.81
101	Superior temporal gyrus	22	R	61	−10	0	4.26
	Precentral gyrus	43	R	57	−7	10	3.25
331	Medial frontal gyrus	10	R	8	47	9	4.12
	Anterior cingulate		R	8	41	−2	3.57
222	Middle frontal gyrus	8	R	30	20	47	4.08
182	Middle frontal gyrus		L	−32	31	28	3.96
235	Inferior parietal lobe	40	L	−42	−56	40	3.92
	Supramarginal gyrus		L	−50	−49	37	3.67
215	Superior frontal gyrus	10	R	24	44	22	3.71
	Middle frontal gyrus		R	34	36	29	3.54
80	Thalamus		L	−14	−29	11	3.66
151	Middle temporal gyrus	21	R	65	−12	−11	3.60
	Fusiform gyrus	20	R	57	−17	−23	3.58
RDs > Controls for SC > WRa (or Controls > RDs for WR > SC)
373	Cerebellum		L	−16	−57	−19	4.41
137	Inferior parietal lobe	40	R	61	−39	30	4.31
1351	Insula	13	L	−42	1	11	4.27
	Superior temporal gyrus	38	L	−44	9	−7	3.82
247	Insula		R	40	−6	−6	4.15
	Subgyral temporal		R	44	−12	−16	3.47
97	Cuneus		L	−20	−74	30	4.14
129	Middle temporal gyrus		L	−50	−16	−4	4.09
	Superior temporal gyrus		L	−51	−8	−5	3.35
84	Temporal lobe/uncus		L	−28	0	−32	4.06
330	Cingulate gyrus		R	12	12	41	3.67
	Superior frontal gyrus		R	18	18	43	3.54
78	Claustrum		R	26	17	−3	3.62

^aCovarying for CELF-3 receptive scores yielded significant activation in left cerebellum for RD's greater than Controls. Covarying for CELF-3 expressive scores yielded very similar left hemisphere activations (STG, insula and cerebellum) to those found without co-varying but the previously found right hemisphere activation did not persist. Covarying for accuracy on the SC decision yielded almost identical results to those found without covarying, including left cerebellum, left STG, left insula, left temporal lobe/uncus, right IPL right cingulate gyrus, and right SFG.