FIG. 17.

Supercooling point (SCP) distributions from the springtail Ceratophysella denticulata on sub-Antarctic Marion Island from (A) an ‘arbitrary’ field sample, (B) pre-moulting animals from the same main sample, (C) recently moulted animals, and (D) recently moulted animals that had been fed for one day (10 °C). Note the substantial decline in supercooling point associated with the moulting process and the increase thereof following feeding. Redrawn from Worland et al., 2006. result in unfolding. In this unfolded state, exposed amino acid side groups, especially hydrophobic residues, can lead to interactions between these ‘non-native’ proteins and folded proteins, inducing the latter to unfold. The result is irreversible aggregations of unfolded proteins. These unfolded proteins reduce the cellular pool of functional proteins and may also be cytotoxic (Feder, 1996, 1999; Feder and Hofmann, 1999; Kregel, 2002; Korsloot et al., 2004).