Table II.

Inflammatory conditions associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition in women

Risk factor	Increase in the risk of HIV transmission	References
Cervical ectopy	4.9	Plourde et al. (1994)
Pelvic inflammatory disease	6.3	Plourde et al. (1994)
Ulcerative genital infection	2.9–3.0	DeVicenzi (1994), Martin et al. (1998), Kiddugavu et al. (2003)
Specific diagnosis of
Bacterial vaginosis	1.4–2.8	Martin et al. (1998), Kleinschmidt et al. (2007)
Vaginal candidiasis	2–3.3	Kapiga et al. (1998), Martin et al. (1998)
Chlamydia trachomatis	1.3–3.6	Laga et al. (1993), Martin et al. (1998)
Neisseria gonorrhoea	1.8–5.2	Laga et al. (1993), Kapiga et al. (1998), Martin et al. (1998), Kleinschmidt et al. (2007)
Herpes simplex virus-2 (seroprevalent)	2.8–4.4	Baeten et al. (2007b), Brown et al. (2007)
HSV-2 (seroincident)	4.6–8.6	Brown et al. (2007)
Treponema pallidum	1.6–5.8	Ungchusak et al. (1996), Martin et al. (1998)
Trichomonas vaginalis	1.2–4.8	Laga et al. (1993), Martin et al. (1998), Kleinschmidt et al. (2007)