Figure 2.

Loss of Cr in the failing heart. (A) [Creatine, Cr] (top) and CK activity (bottom) obtained from biopsy specimens of human myocardium are lower for both accident victims maintained on inotropic support and ventilation and for heart failure patients (reprinted from Nascimben et al.¹³). (B) Data from the pacing dog heart model of heart failure showing the progressive and rapid fall in Cr (reprinted from Shen et al.⁵²). (C) Product of CK activity and [Cr], an index of energy reserve via the CK reaction, plotted against the increases in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP, top), change in heart rate (HR, middle), and increases in rate-pressure product (RPP) as an index in contractile reserve (bottom) for TO2 and non-failing Syrian hamster hearts (reprinted with permission from Elsevier from Tian et al.⁹⁷).