. 2008 Oct 21;30(3):330–337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn466

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic results

	Healthy individuals (n = 20)	LQTS single-mutation carrier asymptomatic (n = 31)	LQTS single-mutation carrier symptomatic (n = 33)	LQTS double-mutation (JLNS) carrier symptomatic (n = 9)	Individuals on beta-blocker medication (n = 18)	P-value (ANOVA F-test)
Clinical characteristics
Age (years)	34 ± 11	41 ± 14	33 ± 15	27 ± 21	59 ± 10	0.04
Women [n (%)]	11 (55)	21 (68)	25 (76)	8 (89)	10 (56)
RR (s)	0.90 ± 0.16	0.93 ± 0.17	0.99 ± 0.19	0.94 ± 0.23	0.93 ± 0.19	0.47
QTc	0.39 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.03*	0.48 ± 0.04*	0.56 ± 0.05**	0.41 ± 0.03	<0.001

Echocardiographic results
EF (%)	67 ± 3	64 ± 6	64 ± 6	63 ± 5	66 ± 5	0.59
CD by velocity (s)	0.36 ± 0.04	0.40 ± 0.06*	0.46 ± 0.06^,**	0.48 ± 0.06^,**	0.38 ± 0.04	<0.001
CD by strain (s)	0.39 ± 0.03	0.45 ± 0.05*	0.49 ± 0.05^,**	0.50 ± 0.07^,**	0.40 ± 0.03	<0.001
Standard deviation of CD by velocity (s)	0.014 ± 0.013	0.031 ± 0.019*	0.048 ± 0.018^,**	0.036 ± 0.021*	0.024 ± 0.016	<0.001
Time to aortic valve closure (s)	0.36 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.03*	0.40 ± 0.03*	0.42 ± 0.05*	0.40 ± 0.03	<0.001
Peak ejection velocity (cm/s)	6.2 ± 1.0	6.1 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.9	5.5 ± 0.9	0.27
PEV (cm/s)	−0.2 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 1.3*	2.3 ± 1.3^,**	2.5 ± 1.3^,**	0.0 ± 0.8	<0.001
Onset E′ wave (s)	0.40 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.04*	0.47 ± 0.05*	0.48 ± 0.07*	0.46 ± 0.04	<0.001
E′ (cm/s)	9.8 ± 2.3	8.8 ± 2.0	7.9 ± 2.0*	7.8 ± 2.3	9.8 ± 2.7	0.02
E deceleration time (s)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.08*	0.20 ± 0.04	0.10

Mean ± SD. Right column shows P-values for ANOVA test. Flags for significance are obtained from the post hoc pair-wise comparison using the Bonferroni correction.

Results from individuals on beta-blocker medication are not included in the ANOVA analyses.

CD, contraction duration.

*P < 0.05 compared with healthy individuals.

**P < 0.001 compared with each of the other groups.

***P < 0.05 compared with asymptomatic LQTS single-mutation carriers.