Table 2.

Effect of R-568 on the development of polycystic kidney disease in Pkd2^−/WS25 mice

	Male			Female			P value
	Control	0.05%	0.1%	Control	0.05%	0.1%	Gender	R-568
	(n = 9)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 7)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)
Body weight (g)	28.4 ± 2.8	27.1 ± 1.1	26.1 ± 2.0	22.4 ± 1.4	22.0 ± 1.7	21.2 ± 1.5	< 0.001	0.027
Kidney weight (%BW)	1.94 ± 0.76	1.60 ± 0.46	1.77 ± 0.62	1.65 ± 0.32	1.45 ± 0.25	1.82 ± 0.85	NS	NS
Kidney cyst volume (%)	21.3 ± 17.8	11.0 ± 18.6	16.0 ± 17.1	26.0 ± 11.8	17.8 ± 16.8	22.3 ± 16.4	NS	NS
Kidney fibrosis volume (%)	2.44 ± 1.61	1.74 ± 1.68	3.07 ± 3.05	3.13 ± 2.16	1.98 ± 1.91	3.40 ± 3.26	NS	NS
Kidney cAMP (pmol/mg protein)	5.90 ± 2.21	5.75 ± 1.82	5.85 ± 2.20	7.04 ± 1.67	7.24 ± 2.17	6.50 ± 3.71	NS	NS
Plasma.BUN (mg/dL)	31.1 ± 3.4	29.0 ± 4.2	29.2 ± 6.6	30.2 ± 7.7	28.9 ± 5.0	28.0 ± 4.0	NS	NS
Plasma osmolality (mosm/L)	317 ± 11	320 ± 10	319 ± 9	319 ± 10	319 ± 10	319 ± 11	NS	NS
Plasma phosphorus (mg/dL)	7.55 ± 0.72	8.25 ± 0.77	8.58 ± 0.95	7.25 ± 1.42	7.63 ± 0.71	7.87 ± 1.02	NS	NS
Plasma calcium (mg/dL)	8.53 ± 0.56	7.95 ± 0.67	7.30 ± 0.89*	7.63 ± 0.74	7.37 ± 0.82	6.68 ± 1.21*	0.009	0.004
Urine volume (μL/min)	0.56 ± 0.48	1.01 ± 0.53	0.72 ± 0.22	0.32 ± 0.22	0.80 ± 0.37*	0.52 ± 0.54	NS	0.013
Urine osmolality (mosm/L)	898 ± 265	1076 ± 339	936 ± 288	1514 ± 752	835 ± 333	885 ± 418	NS	NS
Osmolar clearance (μl/min)	1.60 ± 1.37	3.28 ± 1.84*	2.22 ± 1.26	1.35 ± 0.67	2.20 ± 1.24	1.47 ± 1.46	NS	0.044
Free water clearance (μl/min)	−1.04 ± 0.92	−2.26 ± 1.45*	−1.51 ± 1.08	−1.03 ± 0.59	−1.40 ± 0.97	−0.95 ± 0.96	NS	NS
Urine sodium (mEq/24 h)	0.13 ± 0.07	0.23 ± 0.11*	0.20 ± 0.06*	0.10 ± 0.06	0.25 ± 0.07*	0.22 ± 0.17	NS	0.004
Urine potassium (mEq/24 h)	0.15 ± 0.07	0.32 ± 0.18*	0.23 ± 0.08*	0.11 ± 0.04	0.30 ± 0.08*	0.28 ± 0.22	NS	0.003
Urine phosphorus (mg/24 h)	0.85 ± 0.98	2.32 ± 1.32*	1.17 ± 0.88	0.84 ± 0.49	1.58 ± 0.91	0.96 ± 1.11	NS	0.009
Urine calcium (mg/24 h)	0.07 ± 0.04	0.08 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.04*	0.07 ± 0.05	NS	NS

^*P < 0.01 versus control.