Table II.

Summary of Reliability and Validity for Diary Measures of Adherence

Measure	EBA classification	Respondent	Test-retest reliability	Interrater reliability	Validity
24-hr Recall (Johnson et al., 1986; Marhefka et al., 2006; Naar-King, Frey, Harris, & Arfken, 2005)	Well-established	Parents and children with diabetes (6–19 years old)/Parents and children with HIV 8–17 years old	Diabetes: Injection regularly =.06–.35 Injection interval =.38–.49 Injection-meal (IM) timing =.58–.71 Regularity IM timing =. 24–.31 Exercise frequency =.40–.63 Exercise duration =.42–.74 Exercise type =.37–.48 Eating frequency =.63–.77 Calories consumed =.67–.74 Calories from carbs (%) =.45–.61 Calories from fat (%) =.51–.63 Concentrated sweets =.51–.53 Glucose testing =.72–.76 Intraclass correlations-HIV: Frequency =.55; Interval =.71 Dietary =.68	Parent-child agreement: Injection regularly =.62–.74 Injection interval =.72–.87 IM timing =.64–.79 Regularity IM timing =.27–.40 Exercise frequency =.65–.75 Exercise duration =.57–.89 Exercise type =.64–.76 Eating frequency =.65–.78 Calories consumed =.66–.76 Calories from carbs (%) =.71–.76 Calories from fat (%) =.73–.77 Concentrated sweets =.59–.83 Glucose testing =.91–.94	Better adherence was associated with better metabolic control in structural equation modeling, but variance accounted for by adherence was small. In an HIV sample, 24-h recall was negatively correlated with viral load (r's = −.33 and −.35) but not average viral load. Specificity and sensitivity with viral load (>400) ranged from 21–37% and 63–83%, respectively for the frequency and interval scales
Daily Phone Diary (Modi & Quittner, 2006b; Quittner & Opipari, 1994; Wiener et al., 2004)	Well-established	Parents of children with chronic illnesses /Adolescents with chronic illnesses	Stability coefficients over a 3-week period. r's =.61–.71	High levels of interrater reliability >90%	Strong convergence (77–80%) was found for daily routines between the DPD and Self Observation Report Technique. Modest to strong convergence (r's = 0.43–0.94) between the DPD and electronic monitors across CF and asthma. Adolescents with HIV who reported perfect adherence (DPD) were 5× more likely to have a low viral load. DPD protease inhibitor adherence was negatively correlated with viral load (Spearman r = −0.48)