Table 1.

Inhibitory effect of silibinin on prostate tumor invasion of seminal vesicle and distant metastasis in TRAMP mice^*

Treatment groups for TRAMP (20–31 wk)	Tumor invasion of seminal vesicle	Secondary tumor in liver	Secondary tumor in kidney
Control (n=8)	6 (75%)	2 (25%)	1 (12%)
0.5% silibinin (n=8)	4 (50%)
1.0% silibinin (n=7)	1 (14%) P=0.04

^*The incidence of tumor invasion of seminal vesicle and distant metastasis in liver and kidney are from the study detailed in Figure 1, with each group having 7–8 mice. Values in parentheses show percent incidence for that group. Fisher’s exact test was done to compare control group with silibinin-treated groups for each event of PCa development.