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. 2008 Jun;5(6-2):S1–S6. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.01.016

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Induction of constitutively active acetylcholine-activated K+ current, CA IKACh, in human AF. Single-channel IK1 and CA IKACh currents (A) and mean (±standard error) open probabilities (B), recorded at −120 mV in atrial cells from patients in SR (open symbols) and AF (solid symbols). *P <.05 versus SR. C: Potential signaling mechanism of increased CA IKACh in AF. In SR, IKACh may require channel phosphorylation by calmodulin-dependent PK II (CaMKII), PKG, and PKC.12 In AF, CA IKACh may result from upregulation of PKCϵ.12 Panels A and B are based on data in reference 10 with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.