A, B, 17β-Estradiol prevents cerebral ischemia-induced elevation of p-JNK and p-c-Jun levels in hippocampus CA1 after global cerebral ischemia. Values are mean ± SEM of determinations from five to six individual rats, corrected by total JNK or c-Jun, and expressed as fold change versus sham control. Pla, Placebo; R, reperfusion. Ca–Cl, Confocal analysis demonstrates that p-c-Jun and Dkk1 are induced in the same neurons at 24 h after global cerebral ischemia. Results are representative of staining observed in five individual animals per group (magnification, 40×). Scale bar, 50 μm. D, E, Administration of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) prevents activation of JNK and c-Jun and prevents cerebral ischemia induction of Dkk1 in hippocampus CA1 at 24 h after global cerebral ischemia. Values are mean ± SEM of determinations from five to six individual rats expressed as fold change versus sham control. *p < 0.05 versus sham control; #
p < 0.05 versus Pla group at the same time point.