Figure 9.
Summary diagram of E2 regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after cerebral ischemia and proposed role in E2 ischemic neuroprotection. E2 acts to inhibit cerebral ischemia activation of JNK/Jun/Dkk1 signaling, which prevents subsequent phosphorylation of tau and β-catenin and cell death, while it acts to enhances expression of Wnt3, leading to accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and enhanced expression of survivin, which inhibits apoptosis and enhances neuronal cell survival.