Skip to main content
Emerging Infectious Diseases logoLink to Emerging Infectious Diseases
. 1996 Apr-Jun;2(2):147–150. doi: 10.3201/eid0202.960214

Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

C B Beard 1, T R Navin 1
PMCID: PMC2639819  PMID: 8903219

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (35.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Atzori C., Lu J. J., Jiang B., Bartlett M. S., Orlando G., Queener S. F., Smith J. W., Cargnel A., Lee C. H. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients by using polymerase chain reactions on serum specimens. J Infect Dis. 1995 Dec;172(6):1623–1626. doi: 10.1093/infdis/172.6.1623. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartlett M. S., Lee C. H., Lu J. J., Bauer N. L., Bettz J. F., McLaughlin G. L., Smith J. W. Pneumocystis carinii detected in air. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1994 Sep-Oct;41(5):75S–75S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chen W., Gigliotti F., Harmsen A. G. Latency is not an inevitable outcome of infection with Pneumocystis carinii. Infect Immun. 1993 Dec;61(12):5406–5409. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5406-5409.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dei-Cas E., Cailliez J. C., Palluault F., Aliouat E. M., Mazars E., Soulez B., Suppin J., Camus D. Is Pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent? Eur J Epidemiol. 1992 May;8(3):460–470. doi: 10.1007/BF00158583. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hendley J. O., Weller T. H. Activation and transmission in rats of infection with Pneumocystis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971 Sep;137(4):1401–1404. doi: 10.3181/00379727-137-35798. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hughes W. T., Bartley D. L., Smith B. M. A natural source of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. J Infect Dis. 1983 Mar;147(3):595–595. doi: 10.1093/infdis/147.3.595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hughes W. T., Price R. A., Sisko F., Havron W. S., Kafatos A. G., Schonland M., Smythe P. M. Protein-calorie malnutrition. A host determinant for Pneumocystis carinii infection. Am J Dis Child. 1974 Jul;128(1):44–52. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1974.02110260046008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Keely S. P., Stringer J. R., Baughman R. P., Linke M. J., Walzer P. D., Smulian A. G. Genetic variation among Pneumocystis carinii hominis isolates in recurrent pneumocystosis. J Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;172(2):595–598. doi: 10.1093/infdis/172.2.595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lecuit M., Livartowski J., Vons C., Goujard C., Lemaigre G., Delfraissy J. F., Dormont J. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and sensitivity to pentamidine therapy in an AIDS patient with hepatosplenic pneumocytosis. AIDS. 1994 Oct;8(10):1506–1507. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199410000-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lu J. J., Bartlett M. S., Shaw M. M., Queener S. F., Smith J. W., Ortiz-Rivera M., Leibowitz M. J., Lee C. H. Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Dec;32(12):2904–2912. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.12.2904-2912.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lu J. J., Chen C. H., Bartlett M. S., Smith J. W., Lee C. H. Comparison of six different PCR methods for detection of Pneumocystis carinii. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Oct;33(10):2785–2788. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.10.2785-2788.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Montgomery A. B., Feigal D. W., Jr, Sattler F., Mason G. R., Catanzaro A., Edison R., Markowitz N., Johnson E., Ogawa S., Rovzar M. Pentamidine aerosol versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Apr;151(4):1068–1074. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/151.4.1068. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Phair J., Muñoz A., Detels R., Kaslow R., Rinaldo C., Saah A. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 18;322(3):161–165. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199001183220304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Richards C. G., Wakefield A. E., Mitchell C. D. Detection of pneumocystis DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of leukaemic infants with pneumonia. Arch Dis Child. 1994 Sep;71(3):254–255. doi: 10.1136/adc.71.3.254. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Saah A. J., Hoover D. R., Peng Y., Phair J. P., Visscher B., Kingsley L. A., Schrager L. K. Predictors for failure of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. JAMA. 1995 Apr 19;273(15):1197–1202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schwartz R. H., Khan W. N., Akram S. Penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant pneumococci isolated from blood cultures of three infants in Metropolitan Washington, DC: a harbinger of serious future problems? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991 Oct;10(10):782–783. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199110000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Simonds R. J., Lindegren M. L., Thomas P., Hanson D., Caldwell B., Scott G., Rogers M. Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Prophylaxis Evaluation Working Group. N Engl J Med. 1995 Mar 23;332(12):786–790. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199503233321206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Smith J. W., Bartlett M. S. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystosis. Clin Lab Med. 1991 Dec;11(4):957–975. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stringer J. R. The identity of Pneumocystis carinii: not a single protozoan, but a diverse group of exotic fungi. Infect Agents Dis. 1993 Jun;2(3):109–117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Torres R. A., Barr M., Thorn M., Gregory G., Kiely S., Chanin E., Carlo C., Martin M., Thornton J. Randomized trial of dapsone and aerosolized pentamidine for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Am J Med. 1993 Dec;95(6):573–583. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90352-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Vargas S. L., Hughes W. T., Wakefield A. E., Oz H. S. Limited persistence in and subsequent elimination of Pneumocystis carinii from the lungs after P. carinii pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;172(2):506–510. doi: 10.1093/infdis/172.2.506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wakefield A. E. Detection of DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii in samples of ambient air. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1994 Sep-Oct;41(5):116S–116S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wakefield A. E., Pixley F. J., Banerji S., Sinclair K., Miller R. F., Moxon E. R., Hopkin J. M. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet. 1990 Aug 25;336(8713):451–453. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92008-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Walzer P. D., Schnelle V., Armstrong D., Rosen P. P. Nude mouse: a new experimental model for Pneumocystis carinii infection. Science. 1977 Jul 8;197(4299):177–179. doi: 10.1126/science.301657. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Emerging Infectious Diseases are provided here courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

RESOURCES