Table I. Clinical swallowing examination protocol.

1.Mental status

2.Language

3. Speech and articulation

4. Respiratory function/expiration

5. Voice and resonance

6. Positioning

7. Lip sensation, strength and seal

8. Mouth opening

9. Muscles of mastication

10. Dentition and periodontium

11. Salivary flow

12. Oral and pharyngeal sensation (gag reflex)

13. Tongue movement and strength

14. Velar elevation

15. Volitional swallow

16. Food and liquid swallows