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. 2009 Feb 10;338:b215. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b215

Table 2.

 Outcome measures in patients undergoing cannulation according to allocation to control (water spray) or intervention (vapocoolant spray). Figures are numbers (percentages) of patients unless specified otherwise

Control (n=98) Intervention (n=103) P value
Median (IQR) pain with cannulation 36 (19-51) 12 (5-40) <0.001
Cannulation pain ≥30 mm 59 (60) 33 (32) <0.001
Median (IQR) discomfort with spray 0 (0-0) 0 (0-11) <0.001
Successful cannulation 73 (75) 83 (81) 0.390
Future choice of same spray* 34 (39) 62 (62) 0.002
Correct guess at nature of spray 68 (69) 56 (54) 0.001

IQR=interquartile range.

*Data missing for 10 in control group and three in intervention group.