Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of the dependent variables.
| Prevalence of anti-CSP antibodies | Prevalence of infection | Parasite density (among positive children) | |||||||||||
| Variable | Modality | % (95% CI) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | % (95% CI) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Multiplicative factor | 95% CI | p-value |
| Age | 0–6 y. | 6.4 (5.3–7.6) | 1 | 17.5 (15.7–19.3) | 1 | 735 (602–898) | 1 | ||||||
| 7–12 y. | 14.5 (12.7–16.2) | 2.57 | 2.01–3.28 | < 0.001 | 26.4 (24.2–28.6) | 1.92 | 1.61–2.29 | < 0.001 | 545 (446–602) | x0.74 | 0.57–0.97 | 0.031 | |
| Sex | Female | 10.3 (8.8–11.8) | 1 | 22.3 (20.3–24.3) | 1 | 602 (493–665) | 1 | ||||||
| Male | 10.2 (8.7–11.6) | 0.97 | 0.77–1.22 | 0.789 | 21.1 (19.1–23) | 0.9 | 0.76–1.08 | 0.267 | 602 (493–735) | x1.06 | 0.81–1.39 | 0.673 | |
| Use of bed net | no | 10.7 (9.5–11.9) | 1 | 23.3 (21.6–24.9) | 1 | 545 (493–665) | 1 | ||||||
| yes | 8.8 (6.9–10.7) | 0.77 | 0.58–1.03 | 0.074 | 17 (14.5–19.6) | 0.62 | 0.49–0.78 | < 0.001 | 735 (545–992) | x1.2 | 0.85–1.71 | 0.301 | |
| Land tenure | regular | 8.9 (7.4–10.4) | 1 | 16.8 (14.9–18.8) | 1 | 602 (446–735) | 1 | ||||||
| irregular | 11.2 (9.8–12.6) | 1.29 | 0.95–1.77 | 0.142 | 25.2 (23.3–27.2) | 2.07 | 1.1–3.88 | 0.043 | 602 (493–735) | x1.03 | 0.76–1.40 | 0.848 | |
| Building density | high | 8.8 (7.3–10.2) | 1 | 18.2 (16.3–20.2) | 1 | 545 (403–665) | 1 | ||||||
| sparse | 11.5 (10–12.9) | 1.36 | 1.04–1.79 | 0.041 | 24.7 (22.7–26.6) | 1.7 | 0.83–3.48 | 0.177 | 665 (545–812) | x1.23 | 0.92–1.66 | 0.167 | |
| Season | dry | 7.7 (6.4–9.1) | 1 | 16.6 (14.8–18.5) | 1 | 270 (245–330) | 1 | ||||||
| rainy | 12.4 (10.9–13.9) | 1.72 | 1.35–2.2 | < 0.001 | 26.1 (24.1–28.2) | 1.94 | 1.59–2.37 | < 0.001 | 898 (735–1097) | x3.28 | 2.48–4.34 | < 0.001 | |
| Equipment | low | 11 (9.6–12.4) | 1 | 27.7 (25.6–29.7) | 1 | 602 (545–735) | 1 | ||||||
| high | 9.3 (7.8–10.8) | 0.86 | 0.67–1.1 | 0.223 | 14.5 (12.7–16.3) | 0.5 | 0.41–0.62 | < 0.001 | 545 (403–665) | x0.8 | 0.58–1.09 | 0.163 | |
| Education level | low | 10.9 (9.4–12.4) | 1 | 25.6 (23.5–27.8) | 1 | 602 (493–665) | 1 | ||||||
| high | 9.6 (8.2–11) | 0.85 | 0.67–1.08 | 0.191 | 17.9 (16.1–19.8) | 0.63 | 0.52–0.77 | < 0.001 | 602 (493–735) | x1.03 | 0.77–1.38 | 0.851 | |
| Travel out of Ouagadougou the preceding month | no | 9.8 (8.8–10.8) | 1 | 21.7 (20.3–23.1) | 1 | 545 (493–665) | 1 | ||||||
| yes | 16.1 (11.3–20.8) | 1.83 | 1.24–2.69 | 0.004 | 21.7 (16.4–27.1) | 1.11 | 0.78–1.58 | 0.593 | 1339 (735–2208) | x2.16 | 1.26–3.70 | 0.005 | |
| Distance to the closest hydrographic network | < 200 m | 13 (10.8–15.3) | 1 | 23.5 (20.7–26.4) | 1 | 602 (18–22026) | 1 | ||||||
| 200–500 m | 8.5 (6.9–10.1) | 0.62 | 0.46–0.86 | 0.013 | 21.6 (19.3–24) | 1.12 | 0.86–1.47 | 0.71 | 493 (403–665) | x0.83 | 0.58–1.20 | 0.305 | |
| > 500 m | 9.9 (8.3–11.5) | 0.72 | 0.51–1.01 | 20.5 (18.3–22.7) | 1.07 | 0.76–1.51 | 665 (15–29733) | x1.08 | 0.76–1.55 | ||||
| Distance to the closest drinking fountain | < 200 m | 9.7 (8.1–11.3) | 1 | 20.2 (18.1–22.4) | 1 | 493 (403–602) | 1 | ||||||
| 200–500 m | 9.9 (8.4–11.4) | 0.99 | 0.74–1.33 | 0.389 | 20 (18–22) | 1.02 | 0.8–1.3 | 0.043 | 735 (602–898) | x1.42 | 1.01–1.97 | 0.122 | |
| > 500 m | 13.1 (9.9–16.3) | 1.39 | 0.94–2.07 | 32.7 (28.3–37.2) | 1.64 | 1.09–2.47 | 545 (20–16318) | x1.03 | 0.66–1.61 | ||||
| Distance to the closest artificial lake | < 200 m | 6.1 (0–14.2) | 1 | 12.1 (1–23.3) | 1 | 365 (40–3641) | 1 | ||||||
| 200–500 m | 10.3 (6.1–14.5) | 1.63 | 0.32–8.33 | 0.81 | 23.5 (17.7–29.4) | 1.49 | 0.4–5.58 | 0.206 | 493 (18–14765) | x1.4 | 0.19–10.31 | 0.742 | |
| > 500 m | 10.3 (9.2–11.3) | 1.48 | 0.31–7.2 | 21.7 (20.2–23.1) | 0.95 | 0.26–3.51 | 602 (545–665) | x1.67 | 0.25–11.35 | ||||