Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables [mean ± SD or n (%)] | Fracture [N=30] | No fracture [N=285] | Total [N=315] |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) Died 1996–2003 | 7 (21%) | 69 (25%) | 76 (24%) |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age (yrs) | 55.0±14.4 | 54.2±14.1 | 54.2±14.1 |
| White | 30 (100.0) | 268 (94.0) | 298 (94.6) |
| Male | 30 (100.0) | 281 (98.6) | 311 (98.7) |
| Married | 11 (36.7) | 149 (52.3) | 160 (50.8) |
| Educated beyond high school | 18 (60.0) | 157 (55.1) | 175 (55.6) |
| Health behaviors | |||
| BMI kg/m2 | 26.0±5.1 | 27.0±5.4 | 26.9±5.3 |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 2 (6.7) | 9 (3.2) | 11 (3.5) |
| Normal (≥ 18.5 - < 25) | 10 (33.3) | 98 (34.4) | 108 (34.3) |
| Overweight (≥ 25 - < 30) | 11 (36.7) | 105 (36.8) | 116 (36.8) |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 7 (23.3) | 73 (25.6) | 80 (25.4) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 7 (23.3) | 79 (27.7) | 86 (27.3) |
| Ex | 15 (50.0) | 124 (43.5) | 139 (44.1) |
| Current | 8 (26.7) | 82 (28.8) | 90 (28.6) |
| Lifetime smoking (pack-years) | 34.2±21.9 | 31.7±28.1 | 32.0±27.5 |
| Lifetime alcohol consumption (kg-yrsa) | |||
| >646.5 (median=1139) | 11 (36.7) | 68 (23.9) | 79 (25.1) |
| >224.1 - <646.5 | 4 (13.3) | 75 (26.3) | 79 (25.1) |
| >63.2 - <224.1 | 9 (30.0) | 69 (24.2) | 78 (24.8) |
| <63.2 (median=1) | 6 (20.0) | 73 (25.6) | 79 (25.1) |
| Alcohol since SCI (kg-yrs*) | |||
| >153.3 (median=498) | 11 (36.7) | 68 (23.9) | 79 (25.1) |
| >22.3 - <153.3 | 9 (30.0) | 69 (24.2) | 78 (24.8) |
| >0.5 - <22.3 | 6 (20.0) | 73 (25.6) | 79 (25.1) |
| < 0.5 (median=0) | 4 (13.3) | 75 (26.3) | 79 (25.1) |
| Injury characteristics | |||
| Severity/Level | |||
| Motor complete tetraplegia | 10 (33.3) | 60 (21.1) | 70 (22.2) |
| Motor complete paraplegia | 15 (50.0) | 106 (37.2) | 121 (38.4) |
| ASIA C | 3 (10.0) | 32 (11.2) | 35 (11.1) |
| Asia D | 2 (6.7) | 87 (30.5) | 89 (28.3) |
| Injury duration (yrs) | 23.0±13.9 | 18.9±13.7 | 19.3±13.8 |
| Comorbid illnesses [n (%)] | |||
| COPD | 4 (13.3) | 25 (8.8) | 29 (9.2) |
| Asthma | 2 (6.7) | 24 (8.4) | 26 (8.3) |
| Hypertension | 12 (40.0) | 91 (31.9) | 103 (32.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (6.7) | 39 (13.7) | 41 (13.0) |
| Heart disease | 3 (10.0) | 34 (11.9) | 37 (11.8) |
a
1 kilogram-year=1 1/2 beers, 1 3/4 wine glasses, or 1 1/4 shots of liquor per week for a year