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. 2009 Feb 23;4(2):e4568. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004568

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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a) The general case in which duplication (grey diamond) followed by differential gene loss (dotted grey lines) leads to a closer relationship between gene copies from species A and C, in contrast to the species relationship. b) The case for a single pre-duplication outgroup Y. c) The general case for a post-duplication outgroup X diverged time e before the C/AB split. d) X and C retain the same duplicate copy. e) X and B retain the same duplicate copy. Both rooted and unrooted trees are shown. Red branches indicate the NST internal branch, supporting an A+C group.