Table 5.

Serial Changes in Systolic Parameters

Systolic Function	LS	LSG	HS	HSG	HSH
% Midwall FS
0 wk	21.2 ± 2	21.2 ± 2	22.2 ± 2	20.3 ± 3	21.7 ± 3
8 wk	20.4 ± 3	20.4 ± 3	18.3 ± 2	21.2 ± 2	17.9 ± 2
18 wk	19.2 ± 2	19.2 ± 2	17.1 ± 2	18.3 ± 3	16.9 ± 2
% Ejection fraction
0 wk	73.0 ± 4	73.0 ± 4	71.3 ± 5	72.2 ± 6	72.1 ± 4
8 wk	75.0 ± 8	75.0 ± 8	69.4 ± 5	70.3 ± 5	68.6 ± 6
18 wk	72.1 ± 4	72.1 ± 4	70.1 ± 4	71.1 ± 5	70.4 ± 5
Cardiac index
0 wk	444 ± 32	440 ± 27	440 ± 23	438 ± 33	438 ± 17
8 wk	435 ± 31	434 ± 25	431 ± 24	432 ± 31	426 ± 22
18 wk	437 ± 22	436 ± 19	333 ± 26*	375 ± 21†	339 ± 23*
Heart rate
0 wk	386 ± 22	394 ± 21	392 ± 20	382 ± 19	391 ± 18
8 wk	397 ± 17	410 ± 19	412 ± 35	410 ± 21	417 ± 25
18 wk	385 ± 23	404 ± 25	423 ± 14	418 ± 23	415 ± 24

Notes: Echocardiography measures at 0 weeks of diet (baseline), 8 weeks of diet, and 18 weeks of diet. Data presented are means ± standard error of the mean; n = 12 per group.

Cardiac index is mL of blood/minute/g body weight. Heart rate is beats/minute.

FS = fractional shortening; LS = low-salt diet; LSG = low salt + grape powder diet; HS = high-salt diet; HSG = high salt + grape powder diet; HSH = high salt + vasodilator hydralazine diet.

^*p < .05 vs LS and LSG.

^†p < .05 vs LS, LSG, HS, HSH.