TABLE 4.
Child and Caregiver Characteristics Assessed at Follow Up
| Non-CEa |
CEb |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result |
Result |
|||||||||
| Variable | nc | M | SD | % | n | nc | M | SD | % | n |
| Assessed at 7-year research visit | ||||||||||
| Child’s examination age (in months) | 197 | 88.7 | 4.2 | 212 | 88.6 | 3.9 | ||||
| Biological mother as caregiver** | 197 | 95.9 | 189 | 208 | 59.1 | 123 | ||||
| Caregiver education (in years)* | 197 | 11.7 | 1.5 | 207 | 11.2 | 2.0 | ||||
| Caregiver unemployment** | 197 | 28.4 | 56 | 206 | 56.8 | 117 | ||||
| Caregiver past year cocaine use** | 197 | 3.1 | 6 | 207 | 19.8 | 41 | ||||
| Caregiver past year marijuana use | 197 | 15.7 | 31 | 207 | 17.9 | 37 | ||||
| Caregiver past year alcohol use | 197 | 57.9 | 114 | 207 | 55.6 | 115 | ||||
| Caregiver past year tobacco use** | 197 | 23.9 | 47 | 207 | 54.1 | 112 | ||||
| Assessed at 3- or 5-year research visit | ||||||||||
| Child bilateral hearing deficit (assessed at 3 years) | 188 | 3.2 | 6 | 200 | 3.0 | 6 | ||||
| Child blood lead ≥10mg/dL (assessed at 3/5 years) | 193 | 8.3 | 16 | 210 | 13.8 | 29 | ||||
| Head Start/Prekindergarten* (assessed at 5 years) | 187 | 70.1 | 131 | 196 | 60.2 | 118 | ||||
Note. N = 409. CE = cocaine-exposed.
a
n = 197.
b
n = 212.
c
Group ns for covariates are drawn from those children who attended the 7-year follow-up visit with available Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition scores and had the associated covariate data available.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01, for between-group comparisons.