Table 2.
Multivariate coefficients of serum cholesterol in different countries in the prediction of CHD deaths among middle aged men with a follow-up of 40 years. Models consider one or more measurements of serum cholesterol. Estimates are adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure and smoking habits.
Hazard ratio for 1 mmol/L difference.
| Coefficient | s.e. | T | Hazard ratio | 95% c.l. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline cholesterol | ||||||
| United States | 0.1983 | 0.0325 | 6.10 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.30 |
| Finland | 0.1567 | 0.0336 | 4.66 | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.25 |
| Netherlands | 0.1909 | 0.0612 | 3.12 | 1.21 | 1.07 | 1.36 |
| Italy | 0.2679 | 0.0619 | 4.33 | 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.48 |
| Serbia | 0.2248 | 0.0497 | 4.52 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.38 |
| Greece | 0.3132 | 0.0958 | 3.27 | 1.37 | 1.13 | 1.65 |
| Japan | −0.1510 | 0.1994 | −0.76 | 0.86 | 0.58 | 1.27 |
| All countries | 0.1983 | 0.0185 | 10.72 | 1.33 | 1.18 | 1.26 |
| Test of heterogeneity across countries: p 0.2691 (coefficient for all countries not considered) | ||||||
| Average of up to 3 Cholesterol measurements | ||||||
| United States | 0.2380 | 0.0365 | 6.51 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.36 |
| Finland | 0.2012 | 0.0379 | 5.31 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.32 |
| Netherlands | 0.1728 | 0.0705 | 2.45 | 1.19 | 1.04 | 1.36 |
| Italy | 0.3190 | 0.0681 | 4.69 | 1.38 | 1.20 | 1.57 |
| Serbia | 0.2661 | 0.0501 | 5.31 | 1.30 | 1.18 | 1.44 |
| Greece | 0.3278 | 0.0962 | 3.40 | 1.39 | 1.15 | 1.68 |
| Japan | 0.1044 | 0.2344 | 0.46 | 1.11 | 0.70 | 1.76 |
| All countries | 0.2414 | 0.0204 | 11.86 | 1.27 | 1.22 | 1.32 |
| Test of heterogeneity across countries: p 0.5802 (coefficient for all countries not considered) | ||||||
| Average of up to 6 cholesterol measurements | ||||||
| United States | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Finland | 0.3829 | 0.0405 | 9.45 | 1.47 | 1.35 | 1.59 |
| Netherlands | 0.2661 | 0.0746 | 3.57 | 1.30 | 1.13 | 1.51 |
| Italy | 0.3231 | 0.0699 | 4.62 | 1.38 | 1.20 | 1.58 |
| Serbia | 0.2959 | 0.0529 | 5.60 | 1.34 | 1.21 | 1.49 |
| Greece (Crete) | 0.3915 | 0.1675 | 2.34 | 1.48 | 1.06 | 2.05 |
| Japan | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |
| All countries | 0.3417 | 0.0268 | 12.75 | 1.41 | 1.34 | 1.48 |
| Test of heterogeneity across countries: p 0.8168 (coefficient for all countries not considered) | ||||||
| Time dependent based on up to 3 measurements | ||||||
| United States | 0.2090 | 0.0345 | 6.06 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.32 |
| Finland | 0.1503 | 0.0331 | 4.54 | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.24 |
| Netherlands | 0.1385 | 0.0654 | 2.12 | 1.15 | 1.01 | 1.31 |
| Italy | 0.2510 | 0.0555 | 4.52 | 1.29 | 1.15 | 1.43 |
| Serbia | 0.2438 | 0.0425 | 5.74 | 1.28 | 1,17 | 1.39 |
| Greece | 0.2498 | 0.0848 | 2.95 | 1.28 | 1.52 | 2.95 |
| Japan | −0.1534 | 0.1949 | −0.79 | 0.86 | 0.59 | 1.26 |
| All countries | 0.1976 | 0.0181 | 10.92 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.26 |
| Test of heterogeneity across countries: p 0.1922 (coefficient for all countries not considered) | ||||||
| Time dependent based on up to 6 measurements | ||||||
| United States | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | ||
| Finland | 0.3921 | 0.0310 | 12.66 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.57 |
| Netherlands | 0.2974 | 0.0581 | 5.12 | 1.35 | 1.20 | 1.51 |
| Italy | 0.2937 | 0.0558 | 5.26 | 1.34 | 1.20 | 1.50 |
| Serbia | 0.2995 | 0.0460 | 6.51 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.48 |
| Greece (Crete) | 0.2900 | 0.1430 | 2.03 | 1.34 | 1.01 | 1.77 |
| Japan | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | ||
| All countries | 0.3448 | 0.0211 | 16.36 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 1.47 |
| Test of heterogeneity across countries: p 0.2932 (coefficient for all countries not considered) | ||||||
Test of heterogeneity for different models within each country: all non significant except for Finland (p<0.001)