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. 2009 Feb 3;9:e9.

Table 16.

Anticatabolic and anabolic micronutrient support

Amino acids
   Glutamine Decreases net nitrogen loss
Increases net muscle protein synthesis
Nitrogen carrier
Stimulates human growth hormone release
   Arginine Decreases net nitrogen loss
Antioxidants
   Vitamins A, C, E, B; carotene, Zn, Cu, Se Decreases net oxidant-induced protein degradation
Protein synthesis cofactors
   Zn, Cu, Mg, vitamin B complex Improve protein synthesis pathways