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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008 Dec 10;164(1-2):222–232. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.05.014

Figure 1. General neuromodulatory effector pathways of 5-HT, SP and TRH receptors.

Figure 1

Shown are some of the known (arrow = activation, blunt line = inhibition) and postulated (question marks) pathways and effectors through which 5-HT, SP and TRH receptor activation affect membrane excitability. Abbreviations: AA (arachidonic acid), DAG (diacylglycerol), GIRK (G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel), IP3 (inositol trisphosphate), KV (voltage-gated potassium channel), PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate), PK (protein kinase), PL (phospholipase), SK (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel), TASK (TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel)