Table 5.

Effects of dirithromycin, clarithromycin, tigecycline, and erythromycin on intestinal microflora

Compound	Treatment (mg per day)	Number of days and number of treatments per day	Number of subjects	Bacteria suppressed	Bacteria and yeasts proliferated	Resistant strains developed	Days to normal after treatment discontinued	Reference
Dirithromycin	500	7	20	Enterobacteria Anaerobes Gram-positive cocci Bifidobacteria Eubacteria Bacteroides spp.	Streptococci Staphylococci Anaerobes Clostridia Lactobacilli	Dirithromycin-resistant enterobacteria		Eckernas and colleagues (1991)
Clarithromycin	500	7/2	12	Escherichia coli Bifidobacteria Lactobacilli Clostridia	Enterococci Enterobacter Citrobacter Klebsiella Pseudomonas	None	35 days	Edlund and colleagues (2000a)
Omeprazole/clarithromycin/metronidazole	20/250/400	7	16	Anaerobic bacteria	Total anaerobic microflora	Streptococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. Enterobacteria Clarithromycin-resistant Bacteroides spp.		Adamsson and colleagues (1999)
Tigecycline	100/then 50/2	10	13	Enterococci Escherichia Lactobacilli Bifidobacteria	Enterobacteria and yeasts	Klebsiella pneumoniae Five resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains		Nord and colleagues (2006b)
Erythromycin	1000/500	7/2	10	Streptococci Enterococci Enterobacteria Anaerobic bacteria were also affected	Staphylococcus spp.	Erythromycin-resistant enterobacteria, clostridia or yeast		Brismar and colleagues (1991)