Table 2.
Baseline dietary intakes of mothers and their children by children’s gender and children’s and mothers’ BMI status (Mean (SD)) *
| Child gender
|
Children’s BMI category ¶ |
Mothers’ BMI category
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=121) |
Males (n=53) |
Females (n=68) |
BMI<85th percentile (n=78) |
85th≤BMI<95th percentile (n=20) |
BMI≥95th percentile (n=23) |
Normal (BMI<25) (n=34) |
Overweight (25≤BMI< 30) (n=28) |
Obesity (BMI≥30) (n=59) |
|
| Children’s dietary intakes Nutrients | |||||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 3499.9 (1891.2) | 3793.9 (1974.9) | 3270.8 (1804.9) | 3585.6 (1813.3) | 3750.6 (2070.12) | 2991.2 (1986.7) | 3535.0 (1917.5) | 3033.8 (1638.2) | 3700.9 (1977.9) |
| Total fat (g) | 118.0 (63.2) | 125.4 (66.1) | 112.2 (60.7) | 121.9 (60.1) | 124.2 (68.4) | 99.3 (67.9) | 117.7 (65.0) | 102.7 (52.7) | 125.5 (66.2) |
| % energy from fat | 30.6 (4.1) | 29.7 (4.7) | 31.2 ‡ (3.4) | 30.9 (3.9) | 30.1 (3.9) | 29.7 (4.9) | 30.0 (4.6) | 31.1 (3.8) | 30.6 (3.9) |
| Fiber (g) | 27.7 (18.1) | 30.4 (18.7) | 25.7 (17.5) | 28.3 (17.5) | 29.0 (17.19) | 24.7 (21.0) | 28.7 (19.6) | 22.5 (13.9) | 29.7 (18.7) |
| Calcium (mg) | 1409.0 (796.0) | 1537.5 (801.3) | 1309.0 (783.1) | 1425.9 (745.1) | 1545.4 (1000.2) | 1233.2 (773.8) | 1416.8 (704.2) | 1356.3 (818.5) | 1429.6 (845.6) |
| Food groups (servings/day) | |||||||||
| Fruits and vegetables | 5.7 (4.5) | 6.3 (4.7) | 5.3 (4.4) | 5.6 (4.4) | 5.8 (3.9) | 5.8 (5.4) | 6.1 (4.8) | 4.3 (3.5) | 6.1 (4.7) |
| Fried food | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.5 (1.0) |
| Sweetened beverages | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.1) |
| Snack | 5.9 (4.9) | 6.5 (5.7) | 5.5 (4.2) | 6.1 (4.9) | 6.7 (5.6) | 4.7 (4.6) | 5.7 (4.8) | 4.5 (3.8) | 6.7 (5.4) |
| Mothers’ dietary intakes Nutrients | |||||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2661.8 (1746.5) | 2520.5 (1747.7) | 2771.9 (1750.6) | 2604.9 (1555.5) | 3039.7 (2364.7) | 2526.0 (1783.1) | 2605.9 (1735.8) | 2454.7 (1345.3) | 2792.3 (1927.2) |
| Total fat (g) | 92.6 (66.7) | 85.1 (65.2) | 98.4 (67.7) | 90.2 (59.7) | 104.9 (89.6) | 89.9 (68.6) | 91.9 (63.3) | 83.5 (50.1) | 97.3 (75.4) |
| % energy from fat | 30.8 (5.1) | 29.7 (4.6) | 31.6 ‡ (5.3) | 30.7 (5.3) | 30.2 (3.7) | 31.3 (5.4) | 31.6 (6.5) | 30.7 (4.6) | 30.3 (4.4) |
| Fiber (g) | 23.6 (16.0) | 21.5 (14.3) | 25.2 (17.1) | 23.9 (15.4) | 22.2 (17.5) | 23.7 (17.4) | 22.1 (16.6) | 23.3 (13.3) | 24.6 (16.9) |
| Calcium (mg) | 918.7 (549.2) | 872.2 (537.0) | 955.0 (550.0) | 939.2 (532.7) | 892.8 (628.0) | 871.6 (554.4) | 905.2 (546.6) | 879.5 (491.0) | 945.0 (583.4) |
| Food groups (servings/day) | |||||||||
| Fruits and vegetables | 3.6 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.0) | 3.9 (2.3) | 3.7 (2.2) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.7 (2.6) | 3.4 (2.1) | 3.6 (1.8) | 3.7 (2.4) |
| Fried food | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.5) |
| Sweetened beverages | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) |
| Snack | 1.9 (1.9) | 2.0 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.4 (2.1) | 1.9 (2.0) | 1.9 (1.7) | 1.2 (0.7) | 2.3 § (2.2) |
*
Children’s BMI status was assessed based on age-sex-specific percentiles in the 2000 CDC Growth Charts;
‡
t-test: the gender difference was statistically significant, P<0.05;
¶
None of the difference was statistically significant based on ANOVA, all p>0.05.
§
Difference was significant based on ANOVA, p<0.05.