Table 5.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between children’s and their mothers’ dietary intakes by children’s gender and maternal characteristics*
| Table 5a
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys
|
||||||
| Mother’s characteristics | Energy (kcal) | % energy from fat | Fiber (g) | Calcium (mg) | Fruits and vegetables (servings/day) | Snack (servings/day) |
| Employment | ||||||
| employed | −0.30¶ (−0.53, −0.02) | 0.29¶ (0.00, 0.52) | −0.11 (−0.38, 0.17) | −0.27‡ (−0.51, 0.02) | 0.03 (−0.25, 0.31) | −0.10 (−0.37, 0.19) |
| unemployed | 0.17 (−0.95, 0.97) | −0.34 (−0.98, 0.92) | 0.17 (−0.95, 0.97) | 0.75 (−0.76, 0.99) | 0.34 (−0.92, 0.98) | 0.34 (−0.92, 0.98) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| current smoker | −0.04 (−0.56, 0.50) | 0.40 (−0.17, 0.77) | 0.03 (−0.51, 0.55) | −0.04 (−0.56, 0.50) | 0.04 (−0.50, 0.56) | 0.28 (−0.30, 0.71) |
| non smoker | −0.43¶ (−0.66, −0.14) | 0.14 (−0.18, 0.44) | −0.19 (−0.47, 0.14) | −0.29‡ (−0.55, 0.03) | 0.12 (−0.21, 0.42) | −0.27‡ (−0.54, 0.05) |
| Trying to lose weight | ||||||
| yes | −0.20 (−0.52, 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.39, 0.34) | −0.03 (−0.39, 0.34) | −0.22 (−0.54, 0.16) | 0.08 (−0.30, 0.43) | −0.19 (−0.52, 0.19) |
| no | −0.25 (−0.59, 0.17) | 0.50¶ (0.12, 0.75) | −0.24 (−0.59, 0.18) | −0.24 (−0.59, 0.18) | −0.04 (−0.44, 0.37) | 0.15 (−0.27, 0.52) |
| Serving vegetables with dinner | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times/week | 0.00 (−0.40, 0.41) | 0.39‡ (−0.02, 0.68) | 0.30 (−0.12, 0.63) | −0.15 (−0.52, 0.27) | 0.43¶ (0.03, 0.71) | 0.27 (−0.15, 0.60) |
| < 3 times/week | −0.38¶ (−0.65, −0.01) | 0.05 (−0.33, 0.41) | −0.42¶ (−0.68, −0.06) | −0.33‡ (−0.62, 0.04) | −0.17 (−0.51, 0.21) | −0.39¶ (−0.66, −0.03) |
| Family eating out | ||||||
| ≥ 2 meals/week | −0.37‡ (−0.67, 0.03) | 0.24 (−0.17, 0.58) | −0.40¶ (−0.69, −0.01) | −0.27 (−0.60, 0.14) | −0.26 (−0.59, 0.15) | −0.20 (−0.55, 0.21) |
| < 2 meals/week | −0.07 (−0.44, 0.31) | 0.21 (−0.17, 0.54) | 0.21 (−0.17, 0.54) | −0.18 (−0.51, 0.21) | 0.48¶ (0.13, 0.72) | 0.12 (−0.26, 0.47) |
| Child was allowed to eat snacks without parent’s permission | ||||||
| often or always | 0.20 (−0.34, 0.65) | −0.25 (−0.67, 0.30) | 0.51¶ (−0.01, 0.81) | 0.23 (−0.32, 0.66) | 0.21 (−0.34, 0.65) | 0.31 (−0.24, 0.71) |
| never or sometimes | −0.43¶ (−0.66, −0.13) | 0.29‡ (−0.03, 0.56) | −0.25 (−0.53, 0.08) | −0.04 (−0.35, 0.28) | −0.04 (−0.35, 0.28) | −0.29‡ (−0.56, 0.03) |
| Table 5b
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls
|
||||||
| Mother’s demographic and eating characteristics | Energy (kcal) | % energy from fat | Fiber (g) | Calcium (mg) | Fruits and vegetables (servings/day) | Snack (servings/day) |
| Employment | ||||||
| employed | 0.25¶ (0.00, 0.47) | 0.07 (−0.18, 0.31) | 0.15 (−0.10, 0.39) | 0.22‡ (−0.03, 0.45) | 0.20 (−0.05, 0.43) | 0.17 (−0.08, 0.40) |
| unemployed | 0.39 (−0.61, 0.91) | 0.45 (−0.57, 0.92) | −0.18 (−0.87, 0.74) | −0.23 (−0.88, 0.71) | −0.08 (−0.84, 0.78) | 0.56 (−0.46, 0.94) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| current smoker | 0.04 (−0.39, 0.45) | −0.10 (−0.50, 0.34) | −0.10 (−0.50, 0.33) | 0.05 (−0.38, 0.46) | 0.17 (−0.28, 0.55) | 0.39‡ (−0.04, 0.70) |
| non smoker | 0.28‡ (−0.01, 0.53) | 0.08 (−0.21, 0.36) | 0.23 (−0.07, 0.48) | 0.22 (−0.08, 0.48) | 0.15 (−0.14, 0.42) | 0.01 (−0.28, 0.30) |
| Trying to lose weight | ||||||
| yes | 0.40¶ (0.06, 0.66) | 0.21 (−0.15, 0.52) | 0.33‡ (−0.02, 0.61) | 0.27 (−0.09, 0.57) | 0.21 (−0.15, 0.52) | 0.05 (−0.30, 0.39) |
| no | 0.14 (−0.20, 0.45) | −0.05 (−0.37, 0.28) | −0.01 (−0.34, 0.32) | 0.13 (−0.21, 0.44) | 0.17 (−0.17, 0.47) | 0.26 (−0.07, 0.54) |
| Serving vegetables with dinner | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times/week | 0.17 (−0.18, 0.48) | 0.16 (−0.19, 0.47) | 0.06 (−0.29, 0.39) | 0.11 (−0.24, 0.43) | 0.11 (−0.24, 0.43) | 0.24 (−0.10, 0.53) |
| < 3 times/week | 0.34¶ (0.00, 0.61) | 0.04 (−0.30, 0.38) | 0.26 (−0.09, 0.55) | 0.23 (−0.12, 0.52) | 0.21 (−0.13, 0.52) | 0.15 (−0.19, 0.47) |
| Family eating out | ||||||
| ≥ 2 meals/week | 0.00 (−0.39, 0.40) | −0.04 (−0.43, 0.36) | 0.06 (−0.29, 0.39) | 0.19 (−0.22, 0.54) | 0.08 (−0.33, 0.46) | −0.13 (−0.50, 0.28) |
| < 2 meals/week | 0.34¶ (0.04, 0.58) | 0.17 (−0.14, 0.45) | 0.26 (−0.09, 0.55) | 0.20 (−0.10, 0.48) | 0.29‡ (−0.01, 0.54) | 0.33¶ (0.04, 0.58) |
| Child was allowed to eat snacks without parent’s permission | ||||||
| often or always | 0.78¶ (0.35, 0.94) | −0.42 (−0.81, 0.24) | 0.71¶ (0.19, 0.92) | 0.52‡ (−0.11, 0.86) | 0.59¶ (−0.02, 0.88) | 0.51‡ (−0.13, 0.85) |
| never or sometimes | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.42) | 0.14 (−0.12, 0.39) | 0.05 (−0.21, 0.31) | 0.14 (−0.12, 0.39) | 0.08 (−0.19, 0.33) | 0.08 (−0.18, 0.34) |
¶
Statistically significant under null hypothesis of r=0, P<0.05;
‡
Marginally statistically significant under null hypothesis of r=0, P<0.10.