In comparison to typically developing controls (TD), WS show grammatical impairment in morphosyntax (Panel 1A), yet exhibit consistently higher use of social affective language (Panel 1B). WS also exhibit significantly higher use of social language than TD subjects, subjects with early focal lesions (FL), language impairment (LI), and high functioning autism (HFA) (Panel 1C). Abnormally high use of social affective language is characteristic in WS compared with normal controls from three different cultures (Panel 1D). Adapted with permission from Reily et al. 2004 and Reily et al. 2005.