Effect of fasting on serum glucose levels and HBeAg synthesis in HBV transgenic mice. (A) Mice were fed (control) or fasted for 48 h (fasting). The mean serum glucose levels plus standard deviations are shown for the following groups of HBV transgenic mice: five control male FoxA3+/−, six fasted male FoxA3+/−, eight control male FoxA3−/−, eight fasted male FoxA3−/−, seven control female FoxA3+/−, five fasted female FoxA3+/−, nine control female FoxA3−/−, and seven fasted female FoxA3−/− mice. The levels of serum glucose in each group of fasted HBV transgenic mice decreased in a statistically significantly manner, as determined by a Student's t test (P < 0.05). (B) Serum HBeAg levels were measured before (prefast) and after (postfast) fasting (optical density [OD] at 450 nm). The mean HBeAg levels plus standard deviations are shown for the following groups of HBV transgenic mice: six male FoxA3+/−, eight male FoxA3−/− HBV, five female FoxA3+/−, and seven female FoxA3−/− mice. The levels of HBeAg in each group of HBV transgenic mice increased after fasting in a statistically significantly manner, as determined by a paired Student's t test (P < 0.05).