Table 1.
Blood and plasma biochemical parameters
| Con + Veh | Con + Dia | HF + Veh | HF + Dia | Wes + Veh | Wes + Dia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renal function | ||||||
| Kidney wt/TL, mg/mm | 29.6±1.2 | 48.6±3.4* | 29.5±3.5 | 44.2±2.7* | 32.8±1.3 | 54.8±2.8* |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.62±0.04 | 0.47±0.02* | 0.70±0.04 | 0.52±0.03* | 0.77±0.08 | 0.56±0.05* |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dl | 18.2±1.0 | 35.2±1.1* | 20.6±0.6 | 23.7±1.4† | 18.8±1.0 | 26.4±1.4*† |
| Pancreatic function | ||||||
| Amylase, U/l | 793±56 | 517±74* | 880±36 | 572±34* | 855±86 | 615±46* |
| Liver function | ||||||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/l | 27.7±2.2 | 65.0+12.9* | 34.5±6.4 | 56.0±6.1* | 27.6±3.5 | 53.0±6.8* |
| Bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.31±0.02 | 0.37±0.03 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.42±0.04 | 0.36±0.02 | 0.44±0.05 |
| Electrolytes | ||||||
| Calcium, mg/dl | 11.1±0.2 | 10.7±0.3 | 11.8±0.6 | 10.8±0.3 | 10.9±0.2 | 11.5±0.8 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dl | 7.4±0.3 | 7.6±0.9 | 7.6±0.7 | 8.5±0.3 | 9.0±1.4 | 10.6±1.2 |
| Sodium, mmol/l | 147±1 | 140±2* | 145±3 | 150±1*† | 143±1 | 145±2 |
| Potassium, mmol/l | 7.2±0.3 | 7.5±0.0 | 6.7±0.3 | 7.6±0.4 | 6.6±0.3 | 7.6±0.2 |
| Total protein, g/dl | 6.0±0.2 | 5.1±0.2* | 6.4±0.3 | 5.5±0.2* | 6.4±0.3 | 5.8±0.3 |
| Oxidative stress | ||||||
| Xanthine oxidase activity, uU/ml | 3,207±169 | 4,640±755* | 3,416±288 | 3,261±242† | 2,905±211 | 3,443±179† |
Values are means ± SE. Con, control diet; HF, high-fat diet; Dia, diabetes; Wes, Western diet; TL, tibia length.
*
P < 0.05 vs. respective vehicle (Veh) treatment;
†
P < 0.05 vs. Con + Dia.