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Regression equations (slope + intercept) describing the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the slope of the ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) in heart failure patients (filled squares and solid trendline) (VE/VCO2 = 0.20 × MSNA + 23.4; P=0.005, r=0.50) and controls (unfilled circles and dashed trendline) (VE/VCO2 = 0.11 × MSNA + 22.2; P=0.046, r=0.36). *P=0.001 for difference between subjects with and without heart failure
