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. 2009 Jan 19;48(3):277–280. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken475

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© 2008 The Author(s)

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — The multivariate models of the five OA sites. Models containing additive (A) genetic and unique environmental (E) components are depicted. The top panel illustrates the Cholesky model, the middle panel the independent pathway model and the lower panel the common pathway model. The Cholesky model contains 5 genetic factors (A₁–A₅) and five environmental factors (E₁–E₅) loading sequentially on the five OA phenotypes. The independent pathway model contains one common genetic factor (A_c) and one common environmental factor (E_c) shared by all five OA phenotypes, together with site-specific genetic and environmental components (labelled A and E). The common pathway model contains one shared underlying phenotype (P_c) itself determined by a genetic and environmental components (A_c and E_c), together with site-specific genetic and environmental components (labelled A and E).