Chronic effects of 4 interventions on size of MEPs in session 1 (black circles), session 5 (white circles), and session 10 (gray circles). Interventions were voluntary strength training of the right FDI (Vol), voluntary strength training combined with sham rTMS at 1 Hz (Vol+Sham), voluntary strength training combined with 1 Hz rTMS (Vol+rTMS), and rTMS only without strength training (rTMS_only). x-Axis, TMS stimulation intensity normalized to the individual MEP threshold determined before a given intervention in session 1. y-Axis, MEP amplitude (mean ± SE) normalized to individual Mmax established before a given intervention in each session. There were no changes in the control group, and these data are not shown. *P < 0.05 based on Tukey's post hoc contrast relative to sessions 1 and 5. These data compare the chronic effects of a particular intervention across sessions 1, 5, and 10.