Table 1.
Chemical composition assessed by GC/MS of ether extracts of honey samples
| Compound | Acacia | Coriander | Sider | Palm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aliphatic acids | % TIC a | |||
| Hydroxyacetic acid | – | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
| 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid | 18.70 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.56 |
| 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid | 0.40 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.13 |
| 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid | 0.32 | 0.04 | 2.04 | 0.82 |
| 2-Oxo-3-hydroxypropanoic acid | – | – | 0.04 | – |
| Lactic acid dimmer | – | – | – | 0.05 |
| 2-Methyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid | 0.05 | – | – | – |
| 3-Methyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acid | 0.04 | – | – | – |
| 5-Hydroxy-n-valeric acid | 8.27 | 3.62 | 0.21 | – |
| 4-Oxo-pentanoic acid | 0.11 | – | – | – |
| Pentanoic acid-2-deoxy-3,5-dihydroxy | – | 0.30 | – | – |
| Pentanoic acid-5-deoxy-2,3-dihydroxy-γ-lactone | – | 0.05 | – | – |
| Pentanoic acid-5-deoxy-2,3-dihydroxy-γ-lactone (isomer) | – | 0.30 | – | – |
| 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanoic acid-1,4-lactone | – | – | 2.07 | – |
| 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanoic acid-1,4-lactone(isomer) | – | – | 0.09 | – |
| Succinic acid b | – | – | – | 28.72 |
| Malic acid (hydroxyl-succinic acid)b | 0.30 | 1.16 | ||
| 2-butenedioic acid (E) b | 0.07 | – | – | 1.25 |
| Methyl butandioic acid b | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.30 |
| 2-Hexenoic acid | 10.50 | – | 0.08 | – |
| Pentanedioic acid b | – | 0.01 | – | 0.37 |
| 7-Methyl- pentanedioic acid b | – | – | – | 0.12 |
| 3-Hydroxy caproic acid | – | 0.30 | 0.15 | – |
| 7-Hydroxy-octanoic acid | – | – | 0.03 | 0.20 |
| Octandioic acid b | 0.66 | 0.04 | 0.13 | – |
| 2,3,5-Trihydroxyxylonic acid-γ-lactone | – | 0.04 | – | – |
| Nonandioic acid(azelic acid) b | 0.94 | 0.09 | 0.35 | – |
| Decandioic acid(sebacic acid) b | 3.29 | – | 0.68 | 5.74 |
| 3-Hydroxy-sebacic acid b | 0.51 | – | – | – |
| Tetradecanoic acid | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.20 | – |
| Pentadecanoic acid | – | – | 0.19 | – |
| Palmitic acid | 4.75 | 0.9 | 3.39 | 1.50 |
| Oleic acid | 5.41 | 1.53 | 3.34 | – |
| Stearic acid | – | 0.79 | 1.04 | – |
| Ecosanoic acid | 0.09 | 0.18 | – | 0.14 |
| Docosanoic acid | – | 0.14 | – | – |
| Aromatic acids | ||||
| Benzoic acid | 0.07 | – | – | – |
| 2- Aminobenzoic acid c | 0.03 | |||
| 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid | – | 0.11 | – | – |
| 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid | 0.32 | 0.57 | 1.67 | 4.15 |
| Vanillic acid | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 3.05 |
| 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | – | 0.04 | 0.07 | – |
| 4-Hydroxybenzene propanoic acid | 0.05 | – | – | 0.30 |
| 2-Furancarboxylic acid | 0.12 | 0.02 | – | – |
| 2-Furancarboxylic acid-5-hydroxymethyl | 1.14 | 0.07 | – | 0.44 |
| Furyl acrylic acid c | – | – | 0.03 | – |
| Cinnamic acid | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| p-Hydroxydihydro-cinnamic acid | – | – | 0.56 | – |
| 3,4- Dimethoxy-cinnamic acid | – | – | – | 3.00 |
| 2,5- Dimethoxy-cinnamic acid | – | – | – | 0.17 |
| Cis- p-Coumaric acid | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.21 |
| Caffeic acid | – | – | – | 0.36 |
| Others | ||||
| 1-Methyl pentanol | – | – | – | 0.06 |
| 2,3-Butane diol | 0.52 | – | – | – |
| 2,3-Butane diol(isomer) | 0.8 | – | – | – |
| 3-Methyl-1,3-dihydroxy butane | 0.01 | – | – | – |
| Glycerol | – | – | – | 0.8 |
| Phosphoric acid | – | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| 3-Hydroxypyridine c | – | – | – | 0.03 |
| Picolinic acid(pyridine carboxylic acid) c | – | – | – | 0.03 |
| 1,2- cyclohexane dicaboxylic acid | – | 0.09 | – | 0.89 |
| 1,4-Dihydroxy benzene | – | 0.07 | – | 1.06 |
| 2,3-Dimethoxy benzaldehyde | – | 0.02 | – | – |
| 4-Hydroxy phenyl ethanol | – | 0.02 | – | 0.11 |
| Vanillyl alcohol | – | 0.04 | – | – |
| 1,2-Benzenediol-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) | – | – | 0.20 | – |
| 2,4-bis(dimethyl benzyl)-6-t- butyl phenol | 0.52 | – | – | – |
| 2(3H)-Furanne-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-(trans) | – | 0.08 | – | 0.55 |
| 4H-pyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl | – | 0.04 | – | 0.39 |
| 4H-pyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl (isomer) | – | – | – | 1.11 |
| Octadecanyl glycerol ether | 0.06 | 1.4 | – | – |
| Eicosanyl glycerol ether | 0.14 | 1.6 | – | – |
aThe ion current generated depends on the characteristics of the compound concerned and it is not a true quantitation.
bDioic acid.
cFor the first time in honey.