Schematic representation of the human mismatch-repair system. T indicates thymine; G, guanine; MLH1, mutL homolog 1; PMS2, postmeiotic segregation increased 2; MLH3, mutL homolog 3; MSH2, mutS homolog 2; MSH3, mutS homolog 3; MSH6, mutS homolog 6; C, cytosine. (Adapted from Polato F, Broggini M. Microsatellite instability and genetic alterations in ovarian cancer. Minerva Ginecol. 2003;55:129−138.)