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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Structure. 2008 Nov 12;16(11):1616–1625. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2008.10.002

Figure 3. The Equilibria and Transitions of Mad2 Conformers.

Figure 3

The unfolded (U) Mad2 chain can fold into either the open (O) Mad2 or closed (C) Mad2 conformers. O-Mad2 and C-Mad2 are at equilibrium with slow interconversion rates. C-Mad2 forms a symmetric C-Mad2–C-Mad2 dimer or an asymmetric O-Mad2–C-Mad2 dimer, which are also at equilibrium. The melting temperature (Tm) of Mad2 is determined by circular dichroism. The equilibrium constants K1 and K2 are estimated from peak intensities of each conformer in NMR spectra (Luo et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2008). Kd,2 is determined for Mad2L13A using equilibrium sedimentation (Yang et al., 2008). Kd,1 is estimated from dissociation constant of O-Mad2 binding to Mad1-bound C-Mad2 (De Antoni et al., 2005).