Table 3.
Demographics, Risk Factors, and Health Conditions Regressed on Poor Health-Related Quality of Life (θ), Rhode Island, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2004
| Demographics, Risk Factors, and Health Conditionsa | Estimated Coefficients (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||
| 18-44 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 45-64 | −0.06 (−0.17 to 0.08) | .46 |
| ≥65 | −0.19 (−0.41 to 0.02) | .07 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Female | 0.15 (0.04 to 0.26) | .006 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Hispanic | 0.00 (−0.20 to 0.21) | .97 |
| Other | 0.05 (−0.16 to 0.26) | .65 |
| Annual income, $ | ||
| ≥50,000 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 25,000-49,999 | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.33) | .004 |
| <25,000 | 0.50 (0.35 to 0.65) | <.001 |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Retired | 0.03 (−0.17 to 0.23) | .79 |
| Homemaker/student | 0.04 (−0.18 to 0.25) | .74 |
| Unemployed | 0.56 (0.34 to 0.78) | <.001 |
| Unable to work | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.06) | <.001 |
| Current smoker | ||
| Not a current smoker | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Current smoker | 0.27 (0.14 to 0.40) | <.001 |
| Alcohol use | ||
| No chronic alcohol use | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Chronic alcohol use | 0.20 (0.00 to 0.40) | .04 |
| Physical activity | ||
| Leisure time activity | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| No leisure time activity | 0.44 (0.32 to 0.56) | <.001 |
| Asthma | ||
| No asthma | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Asthma | 0.30 (0.14 to 0.46) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | ||
| No diabetes | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Diabetes | 0.28 (0.10 to 0.46) | .002 |
| Obesity | ||
| Not obese | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) | 0.22 (0.09 to 0.35) | <.001 |
| Disability | ||
| No disability | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Have disability | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.35) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.
a
Variable descriptions are included in the Methods section and in Jiang et al (1).