Table 8.
Associations of Covariates With Yearly Change in Ln-Transformed Maximum IMT in Multivariatea Regression Analyses, Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, 1986-2001 (N = 621 Men)
| Variable | Multiple Regression Adjusted for All Covariatesa | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Coefficient | P Value | |
| Work time: average hours worked per year employed after baseline | .00214 | .038 |
| Age and technical factors | ||
| Age at baseline, y | .000506 | .001 |
| Log of maximum IMT at baseline, log mm | −.035111 | .001 |
| Sonographer at 11-year follow-upb | ||
| A | Reference | |
| B | −.000717 | .834 |
| C | .001979 | .761 |
| Participation in lipid-lowering drug trial | ||
| Placebo group | −.005981 | .024 |
| Treatment group | −.005172 | .054 |
| Biological factors | ||
| Mean blood glucose level, mmol/Lc | .000385 | .620 |
| Mean plasma fibrinogen level, g/Lc | .000466 | .754 |
| BMI at baseline, kg/m2 | .000358 | .121 |
| LDL cholesterol at baseline, mmol/L | .002739 | .001 |
| HDL cholesterol at baseline, mmol/L | .000667 | .774 |
| SBP at baseline, mm Hg | .000099 | .035 |
| Proportion of follow-up time taking lipid-lowering medication | −.017354 | .035 |
| Proportion of follow-up time taking blood pressure-lowering medication | −.000299 | .887 |
| Behavioral factors | ||
| Alcohol consumption average, g/wkc | −.000003 | .679 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Nonsmoker | Reference | |
| Former smoker | .001566 | .315 |
| Irregular smoker | .002313 | .356 |
| Current smoker | .007601 | .001 |
| Mean conditioning LTPA (hours/year)c | −.000006 | .351 |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness (mL O2/kg/min) | −.000059 | .584 |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Mean annual income, FIMc | −.000159 | .101 |
| Psychosocial job factors | ||
| Mean social support at work scorec | −.000099 | .715 |
| Mean mental strain at work indexc | −.000114 | .369 |
| Stress from work deadlinesd | −.000047 | .973 |
| Model constant | .022928 | .001 |
Abbreviations: IMT, intima-media thickness; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; FIM, Finnish markka.
Multiple linear regression with average hours worked per year employed and all covariates listed in this table entered simultaneously into 1 model.
All ultrasound examinations were performed by the same sonographer at baseline.
Average of baseline, 4-year, and 11-year values.
Combination of baseline and 4-year follow-up; not assessed at 11-year follow-up.