Table 3.
Likelihood of Current Depressiona and Lifetime Diagnosis of Depressionb and Anxietyc Among Adults, by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Florida, 2006d
| Characteristic | Current Depression,b APOR (95% CI) | Lifetime Diagnosis of Depression,c APOR (95% CI) | Lifetime Diagnosis of Anxiety,d APOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.56 (1.14-2.12) | 1.57 (1.27-1.95) | 1.75 (1.39-2.20) |
| Age, y | |||
| 18-24 | 6.89 (3.43-13.85) | 3.32 (1.86-5.93) | 1.60 (0.86-3.01) |
| 25-34 | 4.17 (2.49-7.00) | 2.55 (1.72-3.78) | 2.36 (1.54-3.63) |
| 35-44 | 3.77 (2.33-6.09) | 2.40 (1.67-3.45) | 2.91 (1.98-4.27) |
| 45-54 | 2.81 (1.81-4.34) | 2.50 (1.81-3.45) | 2.15 (1.50-3.06) |
| 55-64 | 1.86 (1.26-2.76) | 1.95 (1.49-2.55) | 1.69 (1.26-2.28) |
| ≥65 | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White non-Hispanic | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Black non-Hispanic | 0.72 (0.43-1.19) | 0.47 (0.30-0.73) | 0.59 (0.36-0.95) |
| Hispanic | 0.82 (0.56-1.20) | 0.60 (0.45-0.80) | 0.72 (0.55-0.95) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 1.08 (0.64-1.83) | 0.88 (0.54-1.42) | 0.90 (0.56-1.44) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school graduate | 1.60 (1.03-2.48) | 0.74 (0.51-1.07) | 0.87 (0.59-1.28) |
| High school graduate | 0.98 (0.69-1.37) | 0.83 (0.67-1.03) | 0.76 (0.61-0.95) |
| Some college or higher | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Marital status | |||
| Currently married | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Previously marriede | 2.01 (1.49-2.70) | 1.90 (1.54-2.33) | 1.74 (1.40-2.16) |
| Never marriedf | 1.53 (1.05-2.23) | 1.43 (1.02-2.02) | 1.88 (1.40-2.54) |
| Employment status | |||
| Currently employed | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Currently unemployed | 4.16 (2.54-6.81) | 2.30 (1.48-3.60) | 2.13 (1.42-3.20) |
| Retired | 1.26 (0.83-1.92) | 1.28 (0.96-1.72) | 1.25 (0.90-1.72) |
| Unable to work | 6.62 (4.33-10.11) | 4.77 (3.39-6.69) | 4.28 (2.99-6.13) |
| Homemaker or student | 1.39 (0.79-2.44) | 1.50 (1.01-2.24) | 1.51 (0.99-2.31) |
| Smoking statusg | |||
| Never smoker | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Current smoker | 2.59 (1.87-3.60) | 2.05 (1.61-2.62) | 2.12 (1.65-2.71) |
| Former smoker | 1.43 (0.94-2.16) | 1.47 (1.12-1.92) | 1.71 (1.27-2.31) |
| Physical inactivityh | |||
| No | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Yes | 2.25 (1.71-2.97) | 1.49 (1.20-1.87) | 1.35 (1.07-1.70) |
| Obesityi | |||
| No | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.65 (1.25-2.18) | 1.39 (1.12-1.72) | 1.40 (1.10-1.78) |
| Strokej | |||
| No | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Yes | 2.17 (1.43-3.30) | 1.62 (1.11-2.37) | 1.59 (1.11-2.29) |
| Diabetesk | |||
| No | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.00-2.09) | 1.30 (0.99-1.72) | 1.18 (0.84-1.67) |
| Asthmal | |||
| No | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.00 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.63 (1.17-2.27) | 1.78 (1.38-2.30) | 1.81 (1.41-2.32) |
Abbreviations: APOR, adjusted prevalence odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
The Patient Health Questionnaire-8 was standardized to be similar to other BRFSS questions by asking the number of days in the previous 2 weeks the person had experienced a particular depressive symptom. The response set was 0 to 1 days, "not at all"; 2 to 6 days, "several days"; 7 to 11 days, "more than half the days"; and 12 to 14 days, "nearly every day." Zero to 3 points were assigned to the 4 categories, respectively. Item scores are summed for a total score of 0 to 24. A score from 0 to 4 represents no significant depressive symptoms; 5 to 9, mild depression; 10 to 14, moderate depression; 15 to 19, moderately severe depression; and 20 to 24, severe depression (12). Our definition of current depression is a total score ≥10.
Answered "yes" or "no" to the question, "Has a doctor or other health care provider EVER told you that you have a depressive disorder (including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression)?"
Answered "yes" or "no" to the question, "Has a doctor or other health care provider EVER told you that you have an anxiety disorder (including acute stress disorder, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, panic disorder, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, or social anxiety disorder)?"
APORs and CIs were obtained after adjustment for all other variables in the table.
Previously married includes respondents who were divorced, widowed, or separated.
Never married includes respondents who were never married or were members of unmarried couples.
Respondents were considered to be current smokers if they had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetimes and currently smoked. Former smokers were those who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetimes and currently did not smoke.
Adults were considered to be physically inactive if they had not participated in any leisure-time physical activity or exercise during the previous 30 days.
Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, determined from self-reported height and weight.
Stroke was assessed by the question, "Has a doctor, nurse, or health care professional ever told you that you have had a stroke?
Diabetes status was assessed by the question, "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes?" People who responded "yes" were considered to have diabetes. Those who responded "yes, but only during pregnancy" or "prediabetes or borderline diabetes" were considered not to have diabetes.
People were considered to have asthma if they responded "yes" to the question, "Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you had asthma?"