Table 2.
Pretest Characteristics of Participants by Program — Active for Life Multisite Study, United States, 2003-2006
| Characteristic | Active Choices(N = 881) | Active Living Every Day(N = 1,074) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, % | |||
| 50-64 | 43.7 | 28.8 | <.001 |
| 65-74 | 35.0 | 37.6 | |
| ≥75 | 21.3 | 33.6 | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 41.8 | 62.8 | <.001 |
| Black or African American | 36.4 | 30.4 | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 14.5 | 4.6 | |
| Asian | 4.9 | 0.7 | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Reporting 2 groups | 1.1 | 0.4 | |
| Other | 0.8 | 0.6 | |
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sex, % | |||
| Women | 79.1 | 82.5 | .05 |
| Men | 20.9 | 17.5 | |
| Education level, % | |||
| No formal education | 0.6 | 0 | <.001 |
| Grades 1-8 | 6.0 | 2.7 | |
| Grades 9-11 | 7.2 | 7.4 | |
| High school/General Educational Development diploma | 20.0 | 28.6 | |
| Some college | 29.4 | 31.5 | |
| College graduate | 33.5 | 29.1 | |
| Missing | 3.4 | 0.7 | |
| Annual income, $, % | |||
| <30,000 | 54.3 | 46.7 | .03 |
| 30,000-59,999 | 24.5 | 23.6 | |
| ≥60,000 | 15.1 | 18.3 | |
| Missing | 6.1 | 11.4 | |
| Marital status, % | |||
| Married or partnered | 40.6 | 42.7 | <.001 |
| Divorced | 24.6 | 17.5 | |
| Widowed | 21.5 | 29.8 | |
| Separated | 3.6 | 1.6 | |
| Never married | 8.5 | 7.9 | |
| Missing | 1.1 | 0.5 | |
| Body mass index (BMI), mean (SD), kg/m2 (n = 1,307) | 30.6 (7.2) | 29.5 (6.6) | <.001 |
| BMI level, % | |||
| Underweight (≤18.5 kg/m2) | 0.1 | 0.8 | NA |
| Normal weight (18.6-24.9 kg/m2) | 22.2 | 22.6 | |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) | 28.9 | 33.8 | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 47.0 | 38.5 | |
| Data missing | 1.7 | 4.2 | |
| Health conditions, % | |||
| 0-1 | 45.5 | 43.4 | .33 |
| ≥2 | 54.3 | 56.5 | |
| Missing | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| Participants with chronic conditions, % | |||
| Diabetes (n = 1,316) | 25.2 | 19.7 | .004 |
| Hypertension (n = 1,323) | 57.1 | 56.6 | .78 |
| Arthritis (n = 1,325) | 54.8 | 55.4 | .98 |
| Coronary heart disease (n = 1,324) | 13.2 | 15.2 | .22 |
| Stroke (n = 1,317) | 5.3 | 6.2 | .40 |
| Osteoporosis (n = 1,317) | 18.4 | 21.4 | .11 |
| Health rating, % | |||
| Excellent | 4.7 | 4.5 | .21 |
| Very good | 19.3 | 21.7 | |
| Good | 48.1 | 50.5 | |
| Fair | 24.0 | 20.0 | |
| Poor | 2.8 | 2.3 | |
| Missing data | 1.1 | 1.0 | |
| Psychosocial and behavioral factors, mean (SD) | |||
| Social support for physical activity (possible range: 5-20) (n = 1,307) | 13.7 (3.1) | 13.2 (3.0) | .003 |
| Self-efficacy (possible range: 5-35) (n = 1,306) | 20.8 (7.1) | 19.1 (8.0) | <.001 |
| Depressive symptoms (possible range: 0-30) (n = 1,322) | 6.4 (5.2) | 5.9 (5.1) | .03 |
| Perceived stress (possible range: 0-16) (n = 1,307) | 4.6 (3.1) | 4.8 (3.2) | .27 |
| Moderate and vigorous physical activity (CHAMPS), h/wk (n = 1,335) | 2.8 (3.9) | 2.4 (3.7) | .02 |
| Physical activity level based on BRFSS physical activity measure, % | |||
| Sedentary | 42.6 | 42.3 | .03 |
| Underactive | 45.3 | 42.3 | |
| Regularly active | 10.9 | 14.9 | |
| Data missing | 1.2 | 0.6 | |
Abbreviations: BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CHAMPS, Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors.
a
P values indicate whether differences in the baseline characteristics of Active Choices and Active Living Every Day participants were significant based on t tests for continuous variables and Χ2 for categorical variables.