Table 4.
Percentage of Active Choices Participants Who Met CDC-ACSM Recommendations (Based on BRFSS Questions) at Pretest and Posttest, by Pretest Variables,a Active for Life Multisite Study, United States, 2003-2006
| Pretest Variable | Pretest % | Pretest OR(95% CI) | Pretest P | Posttest % | Posttest OR(95% CI) | Posttest P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||||||
| 50-64 | 10.7 | 1 [Reference] | .08 | 35.0 | 1 [Reference] | .07b |
| 65-74 | 15.3 | 1.57 (0.90-2.74) | 30.9 | 0.82 (0.51-1.32) | ||
| ≥75 | 9.4 | 0.86 (0.43-1.73) | 21.6 | 0.49 (0.26-0.91) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 10.8 | 1 [Reference] | .44 | 30.5 | 1 [Reference] | .59 |
| Men | 12.7 | 1.24 (0.72-2.11) | 27.8 | 0.87 (0.52-1.45) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 15.1 | 1 [Reference] | .13 | 28.2 | 1 [Reference] | .39 |
| Black/African American | 7.7 | 0.43 (0.21-0.87) | 22.0 | 0.72 (0.41-1.25) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 10.4 | 0.71 (0.29-1.73) | 30.2 | 1.15 (0.56-2.34) | ||
| Other | 15.1 | 0.89 (0.39-2.05) | 36.2 | 1.48 (0.67-3.25) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 6.3 | 1 [Reference] | .05 | 22.1 | 1 [Reference] | .21 |
| High school/GED | 15.1 | 5.15 (1.38-19.23) | 31.0 | 1.84 (0.72-4.74) | ||
| More than high school | 14.0 | 4.47 (1.23-16.22) | 34.4 | 2.19 (0.90-5.30) | ||
| BMI | NA | 0.99 (0.95-1.02) | .48 | NA | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | .96 |
| Health conditions | ||||||
| 0 to 1 | 9.6 | 1 [Reference] | .46 | 32.1 | 1 [Reference] | .04c |
| ≥2 | 11.4 | 1.20 (0.74-1.95) | 23.2 | 0.64 (0.42-0.97) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 13.8 | 1 [Reference] | .08 | 28.8 | 1 [Reference] | .72 |
| Yes | 9.0 | 0.56 (0.29-1.06) | 30.9 | 1.10 (0.65, 1.89) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 11.5 | 1 [Reference] | .59 | 30.0 | 1 [Reference] | .62 |
| Yes | 12.8 | 1.15 (0.70-1.88) | 28.0 | 0.90 (0.59-1.37) | ||
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No | 12.1 | 1 [Reference] | .82 | 32.4 | 1 [Reference] | .03 |
| Yes | 12.5 | 1.06 (0.65-1.71) | 23.4 | 0.63 (0.41-0.95) | ||
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No | 11.4 | 1 [Reference] | .15 | 31.4 | 1 [Reference] | .04c |
| Yes | 16.0 | 1.64 (0.84-3.18) | 19.6 | 0.48 (0.23-0.98) | ||
| Osteoporosis | ||||||
| No | 11.8 | 1 [Reference] | .33 | 29.4 | 1 [Reference] | .44 |
| Yes | 14.9 | 1.33 (0.75-2.38) | 28.3 | 0.82 (0.49-1.37) | ||
| Health rating | ||||||
| Fair or poor | 9.8 | 1 [Reference] | .33 | 19.4 | 1 [Reference] | .04 |
| Good | 10.1 | 1.07 (0.59-1.95) | 32.2 | 2.09 (1.19-3.66) | ||
| Very good or excellent | 14.0 | 1.53 (0.79-2.97) | 29.4 | 1.82 (0.96-3.44) | ||
| Social supportb | NA | 1.06 (0.97-1.14) | .19 | NA | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | .82 |
| Self-efficacyb | NA | 1.06 (1.02-1.10) | .003 | NA | 1.03 (1.00-1.06) | .07 |
| Depressive symptomsb | NA | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | .67 | NA | 0.99 (0.94-1.03) | .54 |
| Perceived stressb | NA | 1.03 (0.95-1.12) | .43 | NA | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) | .76 |
| CHAMPS physical activityb | NA | 1.07 (1.04-1.09) | <.001 | NA | 1.05 (1.02-1.07) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CDC-ACSM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American College of Sports Medicine; BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GED, General Educational Development test; BMI, body mass index; CHAMPS physical activity, Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors physical activity questionnaire.
All percentages, ORs, and 95% CIs are adjusted for site clustering, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health rating, and BMI. Repeated measures analyses examining pretest to posttest changes (time x pretest predictor interactions) also controlled for site clustering, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health rating, and BMI.
BMI, social support, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms perceived, stress, and physical activity were treated as continuous variables in change analyses; therefore, percentages that met recommendations are not reported.
In the repeated measures analyses, a significant time x pretest variable interaction was found (ie, the intervention effect varied by levels of this pretest variable).